A/HRC/4/102 page 10 lawyers and judicial staff in July 2006, and for the army in December 2006. Training on the subject of the prosecutions for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, the International Criminal Court and impunity was also provided to members of the Nepal Bar Association and legal professionals in March and November 2006. 30. In January 2004, the OHCHR office in Palestine held a workshop on human rights standards for the police. In February 2004, the Gaza office participated in training sessions on the role of law enforcement officials in human rights protection organized by the Directorate of Training of Palestinian National Security. The Ramallah office of OHCHR conducted two training sessions on human rights for security forces in April 2004. In 2005, the office in Palestine began a programme of cooperation with police academies, and conducted training courses in July and November in Jericho. Other training courses were held for the police in June and September in Gaza. In February 2004, training was organized for prison officials on United Nations standards. Training for prison officials also took place in June and August 2005 in Gaza, and in September in Ramallah. In February 2004, a seminar on the right to fair trial was held for judges in Ramallah. 31. The Southern African Regional Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has worked with the Southern African Development Community, by holding two regional stakeholders consultations, the first in Kasane, Botswana in 2004, and the second in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2006. The first meeting in Kasane was a chief justices conference on human rights, the independence of the judiciary and access to justice. The second meeting in Johannesburg focused on obstacles preventing judiciaries and legislatures from effectively addressing issues identified in the first conference; how to protect human rights and promote the rule of law, how to empower judges and parliamentarians in their work, and how to improve access to justice, taking into account the views of civil society. 32. The human rights component of the United Nations Tajikistan Office of Peace-building (UNTOP) organized training for judges in May 2006. Judges who receive training at the Institute of Training of Judges receive two days of training on human rights in their two-week curriculum. The human rights component of UNTOP is planning two training exercises for prosecutors in 2007, and to have a conference on the recommendations made by the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers. 33. The transmission of knowledge about human rights standards and principles includes, in certain situations, taking into account how human rights standards and principles interact with non-formal systems of justice. In Afghanistan, training relating to trial observation takes into consideration traditional justice systems. Additionally, OHCHR has developed expertise on human rights and sharia, with a view to providing advice to national authorities and other actors on the Islamic legal system and international human rights standards. In Angola where most disputes are handled outside the formal courts, including, inter alia, by traditional justice systems, efforts are being made to encourage legal professionals in the formal justice sector to interact with alternative mechanisms to the formal justice taking into account human rights norms. Similar issues concerning the relationship between human rights standards and