A/HRC/45/52 Parliament.4 The amendments to the political parties law remain to be adopted and it is unlikely that the constitutional review process will be finalized by the end of June. 12. The reporting period was marked by the continuing political impasse between authorities at the federal and state levels and by the outcomes of the electoral processes in Jubbaland and Galmudug held in August 2019 and February 2020, respectively. A number of initiatives facilitated by the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the European Union and the United Nations were undertaken with the aim of strengthening relationships and building consensus between the two levels of government to advance national priorities, including by seeking to identify the most appropriate model for holding federal elections and finalizing the constitutional review process. 13. Early in 2020, clashes in Gedo Region, Jubbaland, between the Somali National Army and the militia loyal to former Jubbaland Minister of Security Abdirashid Hassan Abdinur “Janan”, who had escaped from detention in Mogadishu following his arrest on 31 August 2019 on charges of human rights violations, further aggravated existing tensions.5 The clashes resulted in civilian casualties and the mass displacement of approximately 56,000 people.6 14. On 14 June 2020, President Farmajo issued a statement recognizing Ahmed Mohamed Islam “Madobe” as interim President of Jubbaland for a period of two years following a disputed electoral process in Jubbaland.7 Another noteworthy development is the resumption, on 14 June 2020, of a dialogue with the Somaliland authorities in Djibouti. This follows a previous meeting facilitated by the Prime Minister of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa in February 2020. President Farmajo apologized for the first time for the atrocities committed in Somaliland by the Siad Barre regime during a judicial conference held in Mogadishu shortly after the meeting in Addis Ababa.8 15. The security situation in Somalia remained volatile and Al-Shabaab continued to pose serious threats to peace and stability in Somalia, carrying out complex attacks using a range of methods targeting the Government and its allies, including various attacks on United Nations and African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) bases. On 28 December 2019, in one of the deadliest attacks carried out by Al-Shabaab in Mogadishu, more than 90 individuals were killed and 140 injured.9 In 2019, the United Nations recorded a total of 1,459 civilian casualties (591 killed and 868 injured); while Al-Shabaab was responsible for 69 per cent of the civilian casualties, 8 per cent were attributed to clan militias and 4 per cent to the Somali National Army, 3 per cent to the Somali police and 2 per cent to AMISOM elements. 10 The Somali authorities, in coordination with AMISOM and other international forces, are actively working to restore lasting peace and security in Somalia, combat terrorism and violent extremism and ensure the protection of civilians and civilian objects. 16. On the economic front, on 25 March 2020, the Federal Government reached a decision, under the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, that will allow Somalia to benefit from new types of financing. These newly available resources, if well invested, could significantly improve the socioeconomic landscape and contribute to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 See https://unsom.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/iesg_newsletter_february-march_2020_0.pdf. S/2020/398, para. 8. See https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/HC%20Statement-Gedo%20Conflict%20%20final%20draft-English%20version.pdf. See www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-fgs-recognises-madobe-as-interim-presidentinvites-fms-leaders-tomeeting#:~:text=MOGADISHU%2C%20Somalia%20%2D%20Under%20pressure%20Somalia,embr oiled%20in%20a%20protracted%20conflict. See www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/somalia-president-apologizes-to-somaliland-people-foratrocities-in-1980s/. S/2020/121, para. 19. See also S/2019/884, paras. 12–20, and S/2020/398, paras. 15–21. United Nations, UN Somalia: Country Results Report 2019, p. 46. 5