A/HRC/30/24 recruitment system has been revised to allow for candidates’ interactions with other persons to be examined thoroughly. 31. The Nepal police have central human rights units and human rights cells at the regional and local levels as well as mechanisms to examine petitions against police personnel for human rights violations, with the possibility of the results of such examinations being published. In Lithuania and Qatar, outstanding performance is rewarded and may be taken up for use as a case study in future training activities. A number of awards, such as the “good conduct certificate”, have likewise been created in the United Arab Emirates to nurture motivation. 32. Learning from peers is considered critically important for police officers who, according to Italy, have a “distinctive professional culture”. Thus, initial efforts are made to train as many trainers as possible within the ranks. The National Police of Guinea has a pool of some 25 human rights trainers in its ranks. In 2013, the Police Academy of Romania founded a centre to promote human rights within public order and security institutions, which now boasts 50 permanent trainers and another 271 resource persons to carry out its mandate throughout the country, together with a network of officers to disseminate procedures, laws and policies on human rights. In 2011, the Chilean National Police established a human rights department to promote international standards for the police. The Ecuadorian police has a similar department, which reaches some 600 officers weekly. The Human Rights Committee established in the Ministry of the Interior of the United Arab Emirates, in 2013, comprises representatives from all police departments and is charged with spreading awareness of and adherence to human rights. Colombia referred to its procedures for evaluating trainers. 33. Materials used in human rights training are tailored specifically for law enforcement officers, for example, “performance criteria for law enforcement officers in terms of human rights” of the Gendarmerie General Command, Turkey; “Policing in a multicultural society”, National Police of Italy manual for trainers; “Complementary instructional module and Methodological guide on human rights, civil security and police functions”, prepared by the Higher Academy for Police Studies, Chile, with the assistance of the InterAmerican Institute of Human Rights; and from Poland, “To protect and to serve – how to foster the rights attitudes and behaviours during primary professional training”. The Directorate-General for National Security of Morocco prepared a guide for judicial police officers, in collaboration with the National Human Rights Council and the Swiss Police Institute produced a reference book on human rights and professional ethics. The Ministry of Justice of Madagascar, with the assistance of international NGOs, prepared a handbook on the prohibition of torture for law enforcement officials, while the United Arab Emirates issued a guidebook of procedures for dealing with groups with special needs during pretrial investigations. In Nepal, training manuals for police at every level include a section on human rights and in Germany, tutorial notes on policing and human rights are available on the Federal Police Intranet. OHCHR “Human rights standards and practice for the police” is distributed to all police and gendarmerie training units in a number of States (for example, Algeria). 34. In-service training for police officers often focuses on specific human rights issues. For example, in Greece such training addresses human rights provisions concerning the prevention of torture, use of personal data, combating violence against women, human trafficking, racism and xenophobia. Special emphasis on how to manage prejudices and prevent discrimination was mentioned by several States. Switzerland reported that, in 2013, the Swiss Police School had increased the time devoted to questions of discrimination as a key area to be addressed in continuing training. Colombia mentioned standing orders and directives relating to indigenous peoples and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons, among others. In-service training in Germany provides information on foreign 10