A/HRC/45/45 111. Although memorialization and, in particular, the documentation of crimes and human rights violations in times of conflict are essential, they require that victims be treated appropriately. Victims should play a leading role in the process, be kept regularly informed and have their expectations met as far as possible for as long as the violence continues. 112. In transitional contexts, memorialization processes can be effective only if they pursue the political goal of establishing democracy and a culture of peace. Advocates of transitional justice mechanisms should form alliances with different civil society actors and help to change a toxic culture of political violence, confrontation and marginalization. 113. In order for memorialization processes to be effective, it is essential to protect the archives of State agencies and civil society organizations, especially those that work in the area of human rights. Archives should be accessible in accordance with established standards, and Governments should remove obstacles to such access. 114. The United Nations should establish procedures for sharing its own archives, which are important for shedding light on the past for many societies, thereby helping to uphold the right to the truth. Specifically, it should set up an efficient access methodology, with priorities defined in accordance with the purpose of investigations, in order to allow societies to learn more about their own history. 115. National legislation should be adapted to reflect technological developments. Hate speech that leads to violence cannot be accepted on the pretext that social networks are the entities that spread such statements. While freedom of expression must be guaranteed, criminal acts that constitute incitement to hatred must be banned and persons responsible for acts of discrimination, hostility or violence must be punished in accordance with international standards. Formal education in schools, colleges and universities should incorporate media and information literacy content that enables students to analyse information, sharpen their critical faculties and develop informed opinions, while ensuring full respect for human rights. GE.20-09155 19