A/HRC/32/15 45. The Republic of Moldova noted positively the improvements to the normative framework for combatting human trafficking following its recommendations in the first review. It asked whether the national identification and referral mechanism in that field was fully operational. 46. Latvia commenced its responses to the questions that had been raised and underlined that it had sustainable and long-term policies for the fight against human trafficking and a third national multi-institutional strategy had been adopted. Latvia had created guidelines for municipalities in the field and was implementing a multidisciplinary project using an evidence-based approach with a focus on preventing sham marriages. 47. Turning to the resettlement and integration of asylum seekers, Latvia provided more details of its action plan, which had been prepared in close cooperation with international organizations, civil society, municipalities and line ministries. Individual integration would be achieved through Latvian language courses from the very first day of arrival; access to the labour market; and social mentoring and social work, based on individual assessments. 48. In relation to combating violence against women, Latvia stated that it had adopted an effective system, based upon immediate response and had clear evidence for this. 49. Latvia also stressed that the Criminal Law provided for the concept of domestic violence and amendments to it in 2014 introduced widened criminal liability for rape, including spousal rape. In addition, the Ministry of Justice had prepared an amendment to improve the rights of victims of these offences. Furthermore, the Government had adopted the concept of preventive coercive measures, a new instrument for early prevention of offences. It aimed to achieve a long-term reduction in the number and reoccurrence of cases. In preparation for its accession to the Istanbul Convention Latvia planned to fully review its legislative framework and ensure full compliance with the Convention. 50. Responding to a question concerning hate crime, Latvia reminded the meeting of the provisions of the Criminal Law and added that it had been improved in 2015 with the additional definition of “substantial harm” arising from crimes involving discrimination. 51. Latvia reported that, in 2014, its legislation had been amended to add a specific crime to fight against torture and, in December 2015, to define the term of torture in full compliance with international conventions. 52. Latvia stressed that there were 178 stateless persons out of a population of 2 million and this could hardly be called “massive statelessness”. In relation to the special category of Latvian residents called “non-citizens”, Latvia again underlined that those people belonged to the State of Latvia, they enjoyed the full protection of the country, the same freedoms of movement across the European Union, all social rights and most of the political rights, except the rights to vote at the local and national elections. 53. Latvia stressed that it recognized the rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of speech but it had condemned, and continued to condemn harshly, any expression of totalitarian ideologies, including Nazism. 54. Romania commended Latvia for initiative the cooperation with special procedures. It appreciated the strong commitment of Latvia to human rights through the implementation of the recommendations from the first review. 55. The Russian Federation expressed deep concern about the holding of regular public events that justified Nazism. It remained concerned about the situation of residents of Latvia who held the status of “non-citizen” and about the situation of linguistic minorities. 56. Saudi Arabia commended efforts to strengthen human rights and to guarantee the future of every citizen irrespective of their origins. It was concerned about the 8