A/HRC/19/74 58. The emphasis should be on the United Nations human rights system, although coordination within the United Nations family and cooperation with other international and regional organizations have lost none of their relevance and should be used to open the way for consultations with stakeholders. Moreover, priority should be given to relations between States, bearing in mind their obligations under the Charter, particularly Articles 55 and 56, in which ―Members pledge themselves […] to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization‖ for the achievement of the purposes set forth in the preceding Article, particularly those of ensuring ―universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion‖. These provisions are of such central importance that the commentary by Hans Kelsen on the Charter of the United Nations presents all human rights developments, beginning with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, under the rubric of ―international cooperation‖. 59. An examination of the main reference texts make it clear that the legal obligation of Member States to ―take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization‖ has become more diverse and multifaceted over the 60 years that have passed since it was established. All the stakeholders in the contemporary human rights protection process are called upon to participate in this system of international cooperation, which involves a multiplicity of actors, while bearing in mind the respective functions and responsibilities of the different stakeholders. While the very notion of international cooperation in the strict sense of the term implies a willingness to work together on an equal footing in order to realize a common ideal, more loosely defined forms of dialogue, communication and information-sharing could be useful preliminary steps in building mutual trust, provided that they are not considered as ends in themselves. Such a dialogue should not be monopolized by States and should include all components of civil society, beginning with NGOs. 60. There are many methods and measures that could help to enhance international cooperation in the field of human rights. They require the participation of a broad spectrum of stakeholders at the international, national and local levels. The universal ratification of treaties and their effective application in the domestic arena should be encouraged. Dialogue between States and monitoring bodies also plays an important role, and the latter must have the necessary means made available to them. 16