A/HRC/34/42 unknown assailants in Surman, remain missing. Other children have been abducted and killed, as outlined in section III above. 41. The ongoing violence has led to the destruction and damage of schools, the displacement of schoolchildren, and a lack of school books. According to the Ministry of Education, 558 out of 4,200 schools in Libya are not functioning, affecting 279,000 schoolaged children. 42. Child health has also been affected, with the conflict leading to a breakdown in the provision of medical services. On 5 May, it was reported that 12 infants had died from preventable bacterial infection in the Sabha Medical Centre neonatal intensive care unit, while 1 child died and 3 others were admitted to the intensive care unit in the Tripoli Medical Centre after being given expired medication. C. Migrants4 43. While Libya is a party to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, its legislation and practice are not in line with international and regional standards for migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers. Libya criminalizes irregular migration and has no asylum determination system. 44. UNSMIL/OHCHR has found that migrants in Libya face a host of violations and abuses, both in and outside detention.5 Perpetrators include State officials, armed groups and individuals. The State has not been able to ensure effective protection for migrants in Libya. 45. Migrants in Libya are highly vulnerable, facing arbitrary detention in inhuman conditions; torture, including sexual violence; abduction for ransom; extortion; forced labour; and killings. Those held in official detention centres run by the Department for Combating Illegal Migration under the Ministry of the Interior are held arbitrarily, with no judicial process, in violation of Libyan law and international human rights standards. Armed groups, smugglers and traffickers hold others in unofficial places of detention. SubSaharan Africans are especially vulnerable to abuse as a result of racial discrimination. Migrant women are also at particular risk of rape and other forms of sexual violence. 46. UNSMIL/OHCHR has documented inhuman conditions in detention centres managed by the Department for Combating Illegal Migration. Detainees are often held in warehouses with appalling sanitary conditions, little space to lie down and extremely limited access to light, ventilation or washing facilities. It has received reports of guards denying access to toilets, forcing migrants to urinate and defecate within the overcrowded warehouses in which they are kept. In some centres, migrants suffer from severe malnutrition, receiving on average around one third of the minimum daily intake of calories required by adult men, leading to or contributing to deaths. It has also received numerous and consistent reports of torture, including beatings and sexual violence, and the forced labour of detainees. 4 5 OHCHR defines an “international migrant” as “any person who is outside a State of which he or she is a citizen or national, or, in the case of a stateless person, his or her State of birth or habitual residence”. See OHCHR, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights at International Borders, 2014, p. 4. See UNSMIL/OHCHR, “‘Detained and dehumanised’. Report on human rights abuses against migrants in Libya”, 13 December 2016. 9