A/HRC/RES/44/17 (b) To limit the extent of any reservations and to formulate them as precisely and narrowly as possible to ensure that no reservations are incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention, in accordance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; (c) To implement the Convention through appropriate legislation, regulation, policies and programmes, including in relation to women’s and girls’ access to justice, redress and effective remedies; (d) To cooperate fully with the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and other human rights treaty bodies, and to implement its recommendations, as appropriate; 2. Takes note of the work undertaken by the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women and girls,1 including its recommendations to States with regard to their international obligations to support substantive equality by adopting appropriate measures, including temporary special measures, necessary to prevent, redress and eliminate patriarchal and gender stereotypes that cause or perpetuate discrimination in all spheres of life; 3. Calls upon States: (a) To repeal all laws and policies that exclusively or disproportionately target or criminalize the actions or behaviour of women and girls, and laws and policies that discriminate against them, based on any grounds, including any custom, tradition or misuse of culture or religion, and to create accountability mechanisms to end impunity and prevent, eliminate and remedy the discriminatory application of the law; (b) To consider reviewing all proposed and existing legislation in accordance with international human rights obligations, using an intersectional approach that takes into consideration, inter alia, age, gender and the historical, social, economic, cultural and political contexts of women’s and girls’ realities; (c) To promote and implement legislation, regulation, policies and programmes that facilitate substantive equality, the social, political and economic empowerment of all women and girls, and prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination and gender-based violence and harassment, including in the workplace, in digital contexts and in education; (d) To establish more inclusive and gender-responsive social protection systems, to facilitate the transition from informal to formal work, and to ensure universal access to nationally appropriate social protection for all, without discrimination; 4. Urges States: (a) To respect, protect and fulfil all women’s and girls’ equal enjoyment of all human rights by preventing and eliminating all forms of discrimination by all actors, State and non-State, in particular by combating gender-based and other bias, and acknowledging that multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination perpetuate deeply damaging stereotypes; (b) To remove political, legal, social, practical, structural, cultural, economic, institutional or religious barriers that prevent the full, equal, effective and meaningful participation of women and, as appropriate, girls in all fields, including participation of women in leadership at all levels of decision-making in public and private sectors, and to actively promote diversity in leadership and a culture of inclusive and enabling leadership; (c) To support substantive gender equality, including within families, in particular in the promotion of measures for the equal sharing of responsibilities in relation to unpaid care work, the burden of which the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated for women and girls; (d) To ensure women’s representation and leadership in local, national and global policy spaces and decision-making with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, including 1 See A/HRC/44/51 and Add.1. 3