A/HRC/4/15 page 23 (d) Enunciate a clear policy not to punish those who leave the country without permission, desist from punishing returnees, and amend the law and train its officials accordingly; (e) Tackle the root causes leading to refugee outflows and criminalize those who exploit refugees by human smuggling, trafficking and extortion, while not criminalizing the victims; (f) Protect the rights of women, children and other groups, particularly by addressing their vulnerable positions and ending discrimination; (g) Act responsibly and accountably towards its population to prevent and curb human rights violations not only by means of law reform but also through substantive implementation of human rights in practice; (h) Enable the Special Rapporteur to enter the country to assess the human rights situation on the ground and to advise on needed improvements; (i) Engage sustainably with the various human rights monitoring bodies under the treaties to which it is a party by following up their recommendations and inviting them to visit the country to support improvements; (j) Seek technical assistance from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to help promote and protect human rights in the country. 72. The international community is invited to take the following measures: (a) Continue to provide humanitarian aid, especially food aid, on the basis that the aid must reach the target groups (“no access, no aid”), coupled with relevant monitoring; (b) Respect the rights of refugees, particularly the principle of non-refoulement, desist from forcibly returning them to their country of origin, and exempt them from the strictures of national immigration laws which might otherwise lead to the detention of refugees/those seeking refuge; (c) Utilize dialogues and other interactions to engage with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, with relevant incentives, graduated influence, and economic and security guarantees where appropriate; (d) the country; Mobilize the totality of the United Nations to promote and protect human rights in (e) Support processes which concretize responsibility and accountability for human rights violations, and an end to impunity. -----