A/HRC/19/64 extreme poverty and disadvantaged or segregated areas, mm children in armed conflicts and emergency situations,nn children in detention or in conflict with the law, oo etc. Children and families policies 1. The overall goal of children and families policies should be: a. to support families in their child-rearing responsibilities; b. to prevent, as far as possible, the separation of children from their families; c. to provide for family-like and community-based alternatives to placement of children in institutions that are in the children‘s best interests; and d. in cases of separation and, when appropriate, to ensure ongoing contact between children and their parents and to support family reunification where that is in the best interests of the child. 2. The promotion of positive and non-violent forms of child-rearing should be central to children and families policies. Positive parenting refers to parental behaviour that respects the rights of the child and children‘s best interests, nurtures, empowers, guides and recognises children as individuals in their own right. Positive parenting is not permissive but sets the boundaries that children need to help them develop their potential to the full. pp 3. Institutionalised care should be used only in a child‘s best interests, as a matter of last resort, for the shortest possible period of time, and have as the primary objective the child‘s successful integration and/or re-integration in society.qq Children can be placed in institutions only to meet needs that have been established as imperative on the basis of a multidisciplinary assessment. 5.3. Institutional framework 1. The sustainable institutional framework required for the strategy‘s realisation should comprise the following key elements: a. an agency at national level (where possible and in accordance with national regulations) entrusted with the primary responsibility for the protection of children from violence. This authority should play a key co-ordinating and monitoring function as far as the strategy‘s implementation is concerned and assume overall responsibility in cases of violence against children; b. each public institution contributing to child protection should have a clearly defined role consistent with the strategy‘s broader goals. Institutions‘ mandates should have a clear obligation to collaborate with the co-ordinating agency and all other institutions and mm nn oo pp qq 84 Refer to ―Youth and exclusion in disadvantaged urban areas: addressing the causes of violence‖ (Trends in social cohesion, No. 8, Council of Europe, 2004). Refer to Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1561 (2002) on ―Social measures for children of war in South-East Europe‖ and its Resolutions 1587 (2007) on ―The situation of children living in post-conflict zones in the Balkans‖, 1215 (2000) on ―The campaign against the enlistment of child soldiers and their participation in armed conflicts‖, and 1212 (2000) on ―Rape in armed conflicts‖. Committee of Ministers‘ Recommendation CM/Rec(2008)11, cited above. Refer to Recommendation Rec(2006)19 of the Committee of Ministers on policy to support positive parenting. Refer to Article 9, UNCRC, the draft UN Guidelines for the appropriate use and conditions of alternative care for children, and to Committee of Ministers‘ Recommendation Rec(2005)5, cited above.