A/HRC/45/44/Add.2 Lima, the only presence of Afro-Peruvians observed by the Working Group were blackface dolls for sale in shops. 54. It is difficult to overstate the impact of blackface programming and negative racial stereotypes in the media, including the normalization and legitimization of anti-blackness. Many Afro-Peruvians, particularly young people, condemn these products and programming as destructive. Those making racist portrayals of Afro-Peruvians, offered as entertainment, ignore their toxic impact, normalizing racial stereotypes and bias for the public at large. In its concluding observations on Peru, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination described how this perpetuates racial prejudice (CERD/C/PER/CO/22-23, paras. 40–41). C. Barriers in access to education, health, housing and employment 55. The pervasiveness of the structural discrimination that Afro-Peruvians endure is reflected in disparities in education, employment, housing, health and living standards. AfroPeruvians face challenges in their access to their economic, social and cultural rights, which in turn poses a serious challenge to the State’s ability to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals with require the dismantling of systemic barriers grounded in racial discrimination. Some Afro-Peruvians reported their lack of access to running or safe drinking water, and those who did have access reported having water only a few hours a day. In addition, the absence of local police in their communities, paved roads, bridges and public services (such as waste removal) were commonly reported. Afro-Peruvians have lived in Peru since the 1500s; but as one AfroPeruvian noted, “it’s the bicentennial but we are still living like we did before independence”. 56. Afro-Peruvians suffer disproportionately from hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes and cardiac problems. Afro-Peruvian children suffer from malnutrition and anaemia. The right of Afro-Peruvians to health is limited as a result of their poverty; they are often entitled only to the State-run comprehensive health insurance system, which is ineffective and inaccessible to many rural communities. An administrative directive mandating the registration of ethnicity in the health information system has not yet been implemented, preventing the development of an understanding of the specific challenges that AfroPeruvians face and the limits in their ability to have access to quality health care. In particular, the lack of updated statistical data has made it difficult to estimate how many Afro-Peruvian children do not have adequate access to health care. The Working Group learned that racial stereotypes of Afro-Peruvian women seriously affected their access to health care. 57. The Working Group learned that educational material, textbooks, curricula and resources consistently fail to include the contribution of Afro-Peruvians to the history and development of Peruvian society. In Ica, the Working Group heard reports of the closure of universities without alternatives and lost family investments, schools with leaking classrooms, widespread lack of access to running water, and insufficient textbooks. 58. In 2014, 13 per cent of Afro-Peruvian children reported discrimination based on their skin colour in schools. Peruvian researchers have confirmed that Afro-Peruvian children suffer more racial discrimination than any other minority group.15 59. With respect to higher education, Afro-Peruvians fared below the national average, with only 3.38 per cent completing university studies. Their rate of access to any higher education was substantially lower than the national average, particularly in rural areas. Despite a slight increase in that figure between 2004 and 2014 (from 25.7 per cent to 33.1 per cent of young people between the ages of 18 to 26 years), university matriculation of Afro-Peruvians remained below the national average (43.4 per cent). 15 Martin Benavides, et al., “Access to higher education of Afro-Peruvians: disentangling the tnfluence of skin color and social origins in the Peruvian stratification system”, Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, vol. 5, No. 3, p. 354, citing Martin Benavides “Situación actual de la población Afrodescendiente en tres localidades del Peru” (unpublished), Lima, GRADE, Fundación Bernard Van Leer. 11