A/HRC/19/68 117. Robust efforts were made to corroborate the information received, through crossreferencing and testing of witness testimony; interviews with both perpetrators and victims, where possible; and site visits to seek physical evidence. While it took into account information from media sources and non-governmental organizations, the Commission relied primarily on evidence gathered from its own interviews and observations. Alongside the substantial additional evidence of the violations committed by Qadhafi forces that the Commission was able to gather for the present report, a significant amount of new information was also gathered relating to violations by the thuwar. The Commission was impartial and its mandate covered all violations, irrespective of the perpetrator. B. Qadhafi forces 118. The Commission concluded that international crimes, specifically crimes against humanity and war crimes, were committed by Qadhafi forces in Libya. It confirms its finding in its first report, namely that acts of murder, torture, enforced disappearance and certain acts of sexual violence were committed by Qadhafi forces within the context of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population, with knowledge of the attack. These acts constitute crimes against humanity. 119. The Commission confirms its finding in its first report that Qadhafi forces committed violations of international humanitarian law, which amount to war crimes. The violations identified included murder, torture, rape and attacks on civilians and civilian objects and protected buildings, medical units and transport. The breaches of international human and humanitarian rights law included indiscriminate attacks, arbitrary arrest and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. C. Thuwar 120. The Commission has also concluded that war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed by the thuwar and that breaches of international human rights law continue to occur in a climate of impunity. It found evidence of acts of extrajudicial executions, torture, enforced disappearance, indiscriminate attacks and pillage. No investigations have been carried out into any violations committed by the thuwar. 121. The Commission was unable to reach any conclusion in relation to the death of Muammar and Mutassim Qadhafi, and recommends further investigation. D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 122. NATO conducted a highly precise campaign with a demonstrable determination to avoid civilian casualties. For the most part, they succeeded. In the case of some limited occasions, the Commission confirmed civilian casualties and found targets that showed no evidence of military utility. The Commission was unable to draw conclusions in such instances on the basis of the information provided by NATO, and recommends further investigations. E. Current situation in Libya 123. The interim Government has expressed a commitment to human rights and its concerns about torture, ill-treatment and other violations, although its implementation of that commitment in practice has remained uneven. The interim Government will need 21