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these more local activities integrated approaches to violence against women, despite the
potentials of saving money and being more effective through a holistic approach.27 These matters
should be addressed in national reporting.
78. The Beijing Platform for Action and subsequent documents required that States undertake
an audit of their legal framework, taking whatever measures necessary to ensure that all forms of
violence are addressed in criminal and civil law. Specific requirements involve ensuring that:
• Rape is a crime against the person rather than against morals, which cannot be erased
through marriage
• Domestic and intimate partner violence is criminalized
• Trafficking and sexual exploitation of children are criminalized
• Harmful practices are addressed
79. Reforming legal codes is a first step to ensuring access to justice for women. Process
measures are also needed to address reporting, recording, prosecution and procedural fairness.
Proposed indicators
80. These baseline indicators address both minimum standards and the necessity for more
nuanced measures. The benchmarks are ratification without reservations of relevant conventions,
and the development and implementation of appropriate machinery and oversight. The
requirement that measures cover all forms of violence against women recurs throughout.
81.
Proposed indicators are:
• Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
27
1.
Ratification of the Convention without reservations
2.
Ratification of the Optional Protocol
3.
Ratification of the Convention with few reservations
4.
Ratification of the Convention with significant reservations contrary to the object
and purpose of the Convention (i.e. reservations to articles 2 and 16)
5.
Still to be ratified
End Violence Against Women (2006), Making the Grade? The Second Annual
Independent Analysis of Government Initiatives on Violence Against Women. Available from
www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/documents/making_the_grade06.pdf.
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