A/HRC/20/17 Contents Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–6 3 II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur ....................................................................... 7–47 4 III. IV. 2 Paragraphs A. Communications ............................................................................................. 7 4 B. Country visits .................................................................................................. 8–12 4 C. Press releases .................................................................................................. 13–32 5 D. Participation in meetings and seminars ........................................................... 33–47 7 Challenges to the protection of journalists and media freedom outside of armed conflict situations......................................................................... 48–91 9 A. Overview ........................................................................................................ 48–60 9 B. Safety and protection of online journalists ..................................................... 61–64 11 C. Impunity and prevention of attacks against journalists ................................... 65–77 11 D. Criminalization of expression ......................................................................... 78–91 14 Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................... 92-117 16 A. Conclusions .................................................................................................... 92–99 16 B. Recommendations........................................................................................... 100–117 17