A/HRC/18/54 system of receiving countries by enabling officials to channel migrants towards protection systems that are appropriate to their situation. 64. While the immediate humanitarian and human rights challenges relating to migrants and asylum-seekers fleeing recent events in North Africa continue to preoccupy the international community, it is important to bear in mind some potential longer-term consequences of the larger movement of migrants. A significant number of migrant workers are no longer able to send remittances to their families and communities, and a considerable number have been compelled to return to countries with high unemployment rates and fragile or inadequate social support infrastructure. Countries with newly established or transitional Governments, such as Egypt and Tunisia, have been faced with the need to reintegrate large numbers of returning migrants without adequate time to prepare, and are already seeing a drop in remittance flows. Effective international cooperation will need to be ensured so that neighbouring countries are able to shoulder adequately the burden of hosting large populations of migrants and asylum-seekers. In the context of the legislative and institutional reform process currently under way in these countries, it would be important to ensure the inclusion of human rights protections for all migrants in relevant laws and regulations. 65. A major concern for repatriated migrant workers is the financial impact of contracts that have been terminated on short notice, sometimes without the payment of due salaries, and the rescue of data on social security contributions made in countries of employment, which are no longer accessible.48 It is important therefore that responses to the current migration crisis take into effective account the longer term need to ensure that any return of migrants to their countries of origin is sustainable and that the human rights of all returnees, including their fundamental economic, social and cultural rights, are respected, protected and fulfilled. V. Recommendations 66. The High Commissioner recommends that States: (a) Increase efforts to prevent deaths at sea through prompt and coordinated action; all States, commercial shipping companies and others present in the Mediterranean should consider that all boats leaving the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya are likely to require assistance and act accordingly; (b) Make efforts to ensure that adequate procedures are put in place at borders in order to clarify individual protection needs under international refugee law and human rights law prior to any lawful expulsion or removal; (c) Consider granting temporary permits on humanitarian grounds to migrants fleeing recent events in North Africa; (d) Ensure that all migrants and asylum-seekers are protected from arbitrary detention, and explore the use of alternative and non-custodial measures prior to placing migrants in administrative detention; (e) Avoid detaining migrant and asylum-seeking children, regardless of their status; 48 16 A/HRC/17/44, p. 68. See also P. Taran, R. Cholewinski, Z. Osorova, Information Note: Displacement of Workers/Migrant Workers from Arab States in Turmoil - Imperatives for Action on a Globalized Migrant Worker Crisis (ILO, Geneva), March 2011 (unpublished).