A/HRC/31/3/Add.2 actors. Various types of surveillance of and information theft perpetrated against human rights defenders coincide with key moments in criminal proceedings. 82. The third target are social and political leaders. Leaders of the Marcha Patriótica and Congreso de los Pueblos movements received threats and were subjected to surveillance on the basis of their stigmatization as having links with guerrilla forces. In a widely broadcast television programme, a recognized indigenous leader was accused of supporting guerrilla forces. In another case, an army officer publicly accused a campesino organization of links with FARC-EP given its support for a ceasefire. 83. Finally, peace activists were subjected to persecution. Persons and organizations that participated in victims’ dialogues in Havana received threats. 84. Since 1997, OHCHR-Colombia has observed that human rights defenders have been repeatedly arrested and deprived of their liberty, in some cases for years, only to be freed for lack of evidence. Arbitrary and illegitimate use of the justice administration to impede or punish human rights action not only violates human rights but also undermines democracy, the rule of law and judicial independence. 85. In 2015, OHCHR-Colombia observed that six investigations of human rights defenders were opened by the Counter-Terrorism Directorate of the Attorney General’s Office on the basis of inadmissible military intelligence or informant information. In one case in 2015, four defenders were charged with kidnapping 26 police during the 2013 agrarian social protests. OHCHR-Colombia and the Ombudsperson’s Office had directly observed those demonstrations and verified that those leaders had ensured the liberation of the police, who were being held by others. The damage caused by the National CounterTerrorism Directorate and military intelligence when they seek to prosecute defenders solely on the basis of their legitimate work cannot be underestimated, especially in the context of the peace process. This contrasts with the lack of results in investigations into attacks against defenders. 86. The observations of OHCHR-Colombia reconfirm the need for greater national preventive and protective action for human rights defenders, and the failure of local authorities to develop preventive policies and strategies. C. Gender and sexual diversity 87. Peacebuilding requires the State and society to overcome gender stereotypes, violence and discrimination against women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, to ensure their full recognition and participation as rights holders and their quality access to justice. 88. Women represent 50.6 per cent of the population but do not enjoy their rights equally with men. According to the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), women represent 21.2 per cent of legislators, 31.2 per cent of ministers, 15 per cent of governors and 12 per cent of mayors. The subcommission on gender created as a result of the negotiations in Havana has played an important role. However, it is important to ensure greater participation by women in the peace process. 89. According to the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science, violence against women is generalized. About 85.57 per cent of victims of intrafamily violence are women, as are 85.08 per cent of alleged victims of sexual violence. State policies and mechanisms to mainstream women’s rights require political, technical and budgetary strengthening. OHCHR-Colombia welcomes the broad categorization of crimes against sexual liberty and integrity applied by UARIV when registering victims. 16