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307. This loss in revenue does not take into account economic losses incurred by
entrepreneurs due to the impossibility of cargo ships entering Lebanese ports to deliver their
merchandise. For example, in establishing the overall magnitude of the impact on the economy,
it was pointed out to the Commission that it is necessary to take into account also the extra
demurrage costs incurred by ships that were not allowed to enter Lebanese waters in ports.277
The Commission is convinced that all of these are direct economic and financial consequences of
the blockade that would need to be considered for the establishment of Israel’s obligation to
repair for damages that derive from the unnecessarily inflexible way in which Israel carried out
the blockade.
7. Housing
308. Due to the number of housing units which were partially damaged or completely
destroyed, the reconstruction and compensation process will be a major issue over the months
and even years to come and will require huge financial and human resources.
309. The Commission was told that the Government of Lebanon is intending to provide a
number of prefabricated housing units which, it is feared, might have a deleterious effect on
sustainable housing solutions for the affected.278 In addition, as the winter season is
approaching, there is a real need to help people to winterize their houses and to find adequate
housing for those who do not have so far.
310. In addition, the Commission is concerned at the discrimination which might result from
the various approaches to the reconstruction process. Indeed, the fact that some villages have
been “adopted” by donor countries.279 while others might have been left aside, may amount to
discrimination. Moreover, due to the number of organizations and government departments
working on reconstruction, duplication of work will probably arise.
311. The need for cooperation among the various actors participating in the reconstruction of
housing units is essential as some people are refusing repair works from NGOs fearing that they
will not be eligible for compensation promised by pledging countries and the Government of
Lebanon. This is why, in southern Lebanon, the main actors agreed with the Council of the
South to adopt guidelines for the procedure of work they intend to carry out in order to avoid
duplication.280 These guidelines will be an essential asset in order to establish priorities, ease the
process and ensure a better implementation of the right to adequate housing free of
discrimination.
312. So far as compensation is concerned, the situation varies widely according to the area
under consideration. Indeed, the Commission met with individuals who informed it that they
had received compensation from Hezbollah, mainly an amount in cash in order to allow them to
pay their rent and to buy furniture in another building. Others said that they had not received
anything.281 The majority complained that the Government of Lebanon had not given them
anything for the time being. This can be explained by the extent of the work which needs to be
done. However, the Commission wishes to recall that non-discrimination in compensation is a
paramount issue.
313. For both reconstruction and compensation, a central legal issue will be the dubious
legality of many homes and commercial structures, notably in the South where there was no
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