A/HRC/18/40 made by the independent expert, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Sudan and the group of experts on Darfur, and is assured of concrete and material improvement in the human rights situation on the ground. 76. Given the enormous human rights challenges faced by the parties to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, including the direct bearing of outstanding issues on human rights, and the other grave human rights concerns arising out of the events in Abyei and Southern Kordofan, the independent expert recommends that the Human Rights Council closely monitor the situation on the ground with a view to ensuring that appropriate mechanisms for the effective protection of human rights are put in place. D. United Nations 77. UNAMID, in accordance with its mandate and without prejudice to the primary responsibility of State authorities, should take the measures necessary to protect civilians, deter attacks on civilians and prevent violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. 78. The United Nations should continue to provide the national Government of the Sudan and the Government of South Sudan with technical assistance and other support, in accordance with assessed needs; in particular, it should provide law enforcement and rule of law institutions, including customary courts across the Sudan, with human rights training and support. E. Other recommendations 79. With regard to Southern Kordofan, the independent expert calls on the parties to the conflict to agree to a cessation of hostilities, with immediate effect, with a view 27