A/HRC/30/50 33. Global or mega sporting events like the Olympic Games or the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup receive special national and international attention owing to their role in advancing human rights and well-known wider economic, social and cultural agenda. The global dimension and increasing ratings of major competitions can contribute to the perception that modern sport is a universal facilitator of general humanitarian ideas and approaches addressed to all mankind. From a human rights perspective, recent controversies about the balance between related opportunities and risks have renewed fundamental questions about the social opportunity costs of hosting mega sporting events and the responsibilities of host Governments, and international sporting governing bodies, which set the terms for staging these kinds of events.10 Sporting events can raise human rights questions, and human rights instruments and practices should be observed in their organization as for all human activity. A scholar discourse continues on failures to strike a fair balance between celebrating humanity and market manipulation.11 34. Major sporting events can be used as a catalyst to implement child protective strategies and strengthen cooperation among various stakeholders to mitigate potential harm. There is a need to involve and build partnerships with key stakeholders, such as the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, international sporting federations, host countries and businesses. Organizers of such events should include an impact assessment of human rights, including children’s rights, in the bidding criteria. For instance, the “Children Win” project of the non-governmental organizations ECPAT and Terre des Hommes calls for a revision of the bidding processes of major sporting events, to include at all stages of the assessment the risk mitigation measures and positive effects. Compliance with human rights principles and standards should become a basic criterion for countries and cities to be eligible as hosts of major sporting events. In this regard, the elaboration of a framework on “sporting and human rights” similar to that on “business and human rights” may prove to be effective in defining the scope of the human rights responsibilities of all actors involved in sporting events and in exploring ways for them to be accountable for the impact of their activities on human rights. F. Business, public-private partnerships on human rights and sport 35. Sport makes it possible to create synergies between public and private sectors in a concrete and effective manner, even in vulnerable areas, and can engage international corporations and foreign suppliers or industries by making them aware of their social and local responsibility. Labour, employment, health and safety in the management of sporting activities require compliance with employment standards as expressed in the International Labour Organization (ILO) fundamental conventions along with, where appropriate, other local initiatives. ILO conventions set out a “social floor” in the world of employment and provide for the elimination of all forms of compulsory or forced labour and the effective abolition of child labour. Accountability and transparency and complaint mechanisms provide the necessary guarantees against human rights abuses of licensees, including child labour, excessive working hours and abuses of health and safety laws in the supply chains.10 Some researchers have also called for social responsibility to become a pillar of 10 11 See Institute for Human Rights and Business, “Striving for Excellence: Mega-Sporting Events and Human Rights” (London, October 2013). Available from www.ihrb.org/pdf/2013-1021_IHRB_Mega-Sporting-Events-Paper_Web.pdf. See J. Maguire et al, “Olympic Legacies in the OIC’s ʻCelebrate Humanityʼ campaign: Ancient or Modern?”; and J.A. Mangan, “Prologue: Guarantees of Global Goodwill: Post-Olympic Legacies — Too Many Limping White Elephants?”, International Journal of the History of Sport, Vol. 25, No. 14 (December 2008). 9