A/HRC/29/32 names for certain websites and avoid spreading content that challenges national interests. 51 South Africa also requires real name registration for online and mobile telephone users. 52 51. Likewise, Governments often require SIM card registration; for instance, nearly 50 countries in Africa require or are in the process of requiring the registration of personally identifiable data when activating a SIM card. 53 Colombia has had a mandatory mobile registration policy since 2011, and Peru has associated all SIM cards with a national identification number since 2010. 54 Other countries are considering such policies. Such policies directly undermine anonymity, particularly for those who access the Internet only through mobile technology. Compulsory SIM card registration may provide Governments with the capacity to monitor individuals and journalists well beyond any legitimate government interest. 52. States have also attempted to combat anonymity tools, such as Tor, proxies and VPNs, by denying access to them. China has long blocked access to Tor, 55 and Russian government officials reportedly offered more than $100,000 for techniques to identify 6&02amendinghttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&r n=4288846&02http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=42888 4-6&02 the Federal Law ohttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02n Information, Information Technologies and Protection of Informationhttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4 28884-6&02 and http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02 a number of lhttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02egislative ahttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02cts of the Russian Federation on shttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02treamlining the ehttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02xchange of ihttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02nformation whttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02ith the uhttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02se of ihttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02nformation and thttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02elecommunication nhttp://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%2528spravkanew%2529?openagent&rn=4288846&02etworks; Reuters, “Russia Demands Internet Users Show ID to Access Public Wifi,” 8 August 51 52 53 54 55 2014. China Copyright and Media, Internet User Account Name Management Regulations, article 5 ( 2015). South Africa, Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of CommunicationRelated Information Act 70 of 2003; see also Electronic Communications and Transactions Act of 2002 (requiring real name registration for service providers). Kevin P. Donovan and Aaron K. Martin, “The Rise of African SIM Registration”, 3 February 2014. See Colombia, Decree 1630 of 2011; Perú 21, Los celulares de prepago en la mira, 27 May 2010. MIT Technology Review, How China Blocks the Tor Anonymity Network, 4 April 2012. 19