A/HRC/43/3/Add.1 Ministry of the Interior adopted Government Agreement 171-2019, increasing the bonus payments of the National Civil Police. 51. In the context of the state of siege in September and October, OHCHR noted the deployment of hundreds of military officers to different communities, including in areas where massive human rights violations were perpetrated during the internal armed conflict, such as in Sepur Zarco, provoking fear among the population, in particular among women. 52. On 10 October, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a judgment concluding that the State was responsible for violations of the rights to life and physical integrity in the 14 November 2005 killing of a former prisoner in the El Infiernito prison during the “Gavilán Operation” to capture escaped convicts.38 V. Inclusive and sustainable human development A. Lands, territories and natural resources 53. Guatemala remains characterized by an extremely unequal distribution of agricultural resources, with a high concentration of arable land in the hands of a few. Those agricultural producers classified as “commercial” producers represent only 1.9 per cent of all agricultural producers; however, they occupy 65.44 per cent of the country’s arable land area. In contrast, those classified as “subsistence” or “under-subsistence” producers comprise 92 per cent of all agricultural producers, yet they occupy only 21.86 per cent of the arable land area. 39 54. As at 31 October, a total of 1,532 land conflicts had been registered by the Secretary of Agricultural Affairs, involving disputes over property rights, territorial limits and regularization of land. 40 Of these conflicts, 71 per cent were in the departments of Alta Verapaz, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Petén and Quiché – departments in which indigenous peoples live and where natural resource exploration and exploitation projects coincide. 55. A specialized agrarian justice system is still lacking. The State coordinated dialogue round tables to address land conflicts, but in general, these have not resulted in solutions. Instead, land conflicts often ended in the issuance of eviction orders by the courts. 41 During 2019, a total of 10 out of 52 pending eviction orders were executed, leaving over 210 families without land, housing or livelihoods. 56. Despite recommendations from international human rights mechanisms, a resolution of the Office of the Ombudsperson42 and technical assistance by OHCHR, State institutions have not adopted regulatory frameworks to guarantee the human rights of all parties involved in land conflicts. These would include measures for the recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and natural resources, and measures to ensure the relocation of and more durable solutions for persons who have been forcibly evicted or displaced.43 57. In 2019, two judgments recognizing land-related claims were issued that illustrate patterns of displacement of communities and the misuse of criminal law against them: (a) The Genesis case. On 29 May, High-Risk Court B found 10 members of a criminal structure liable for money-laundering and aggravated trespassing for forcing 28 peasant communities in Petén from their lands and then legalizing those lands for others through 38 39 40 41 42 43 10 corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_384_esp.pdf (in Spanish). segeplan.gob.gt/downloads/clearinghouse/politicas_publicas/Desarrollo%20Agropecuario/ Politica_Agraria_2014.pdf (in Spanish), p. 12. Information provided to OHCHR by the Secretary of Agricultural Affairs, SAA-DS-654-2019/jr. JAL GTM 4/2019 of 22 July 2019. Available at spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/ DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=24655 (in Spanish). Office of the Ombudsperson, Resolution REF.EXP.EIO.PET.10180-2017P/PET (Laguna Larga case). Available at pdh.org.gt/biblioteca-digital-documentos-resoluciones (in Spanish). ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/Guidelines_sp.pdf (in Spanish).