A/HRC/23/54 was suggested that development cooperation should be based on equal partnership and the global partnership for development should be reformulated as an “international solidarity” goal. Finally, it was recommended that specialists in different areas, including economists and lawyers, should address social impacts and human rights aspects of economic decisions by working together. 53. In concluding remarks, Hans-Peter Werner referred to the flexibilities of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights as one means of ensuring access to essential medicines. He also clarified that the WTO did not monitor bilateral agreements for which States had the primary responsibility. However, the trade policy review mechanism did allow member States to question a State’s actions or inactions regarding human rights issues. Cécile Molinier underlined the narrow scope of the current Goal 8 indicators related to trade, debt, access to medicine and transfer of technology and called for the post-2015 framework to promote human rights, equality and sustainability. She observed that significant progress has been made regarding human rights mainstreaming at the country level, where the United Nations continued to improve interagency collaboration and promote ownership. Ali Jazairy emphasized the role of WIPO in facilitating technology transfer through different research platforms. He indicated that WIPO had a programme on reducing patent-related fees for least developed countries, and that many intellectual property rights in the domain of technology relevant to climate change had expired. WIPO was also working on a mechanism to protect traditional medicine and on a definition of technology transfer that incorporated the transfer of relevant technical expertise. Stephen Pursey emphasized the importance of the social protection floor, particularly with regards to the half of the global workforce that was informally employed. According to him, guaranteeing the four critical components of the social protection floor – an old age and disability pension; access to basic health care; support for children’s nutrition, education and health; and support for the unemployed – would only cost 2–4 per cent of gross domestic product and would have far-reaching economic and social benefits. Sarah Cook called for a new approach to development founded in solidarity. I. Promoting sustainable development in the era of globalization 54. Angelica Navarro, Permanent Representative of the Plurinational State of Bolivia to the United Nations Office in Geneva, stated that global crises resulted from capitalist, materialist thinking and called for a paradigm shift in development approaches. She highlighted the concept of vivir bien (“living well”) as an alternative to the capitalist paradigm of “living better”. The latter concept implied self-interested improvement through the exploitation of Mother Earth and regardless of the cost to others. This approach failed to benefit the majority of people. Living well meant living in harmony with the cycles of Mother Earth, the cycles of history and all forms of life. It required listening and sharing. This holistic approach to living appeared in all indigenous languages and cultures. It included principles such as collective work, reciprocity, solidarity, respect, dignity, social justice and harmony. The Permanent Representative argued that by incorporating this traditional approach to development within its official policies and embracing legal pluralism, the Plurinational State of Bolivia had achieved great development successes. To illustrate this, she presented statistical data which highlighted poverty reduction, increased economic growth and improved education outcomes in her country. 55. Stephen Hale, Deputy and Advocacy Campaigns Director at Oxfam International, described the difficult context for global development efforts including the negative impacts of the economic crisis, the inequitable distribution of power and weaknesses in the multilateral system that make it difficult to seek global solutions to global problems. He highlighted the need to promote coherence and build alliances for change. Humanity 15