A/HRC/RES/38/11 Expressing its concern at the criminalization, in all parts of the world, of individuals and groups solely for having organized, taken part in or observed, monitored or recorded peaceful protests, Stressing that peaceful protests should not be viewed as a threat, and therefore encouraging all States to engage in an open, inclusive and meaningful dialogue when dealing with peaceful protests and their causes, Recalling that isolated acts of violence committed by others in the course of a protest do not deprive peaceful individuals of their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly, of expression and of association, Bearing in mind that assemblies can be facilitated on the basis of communication and collaboration among organizers, protesters, local authorities and officials exercising law enforcement duties, Recognizing that national human rights institutions and representatives of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, can play a useful role in facilitating continued dialogue between individuals taking part in peaceful protests and the relevant authorities, Stressing the need to ensure full accountability for human rights violations or abuses in the context of peaceful protests, Recalling the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, Encouraging all States to make appropriate use of the Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement published by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and the updated training package of the Office of the High Commissioner on human rights law and law enforcement, Recalling the importance of adequate training for officials exercising law enforcement duties assigned to the management of assemblies, and of refraining, to the extent feasible, from assigning military personnel to perform such duties, 1. Recalls that States have the responsibility, including in the context of peaceful protests, to promote and protect human rights and to prevent human rights violations and abuses, including extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, arbitrary arrest and detention, enforced disappearances and torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and calls upon States to avoid the abuse of criminal and civil proceedings, or threats of such acts at all times; 2. Calls upon States to promote a safe and enabling environment for individuals and groups to exercise their rights to freedom of peaceful assembly, of expression and of association, including by ensuring that domestic legislation and procedures relating to the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly, of expression and of association are in conformity with their international human rights obligations and commitments, to clearly and explicitly establish a presumption in favour of the exercise of these rights, and that they are effectively implemented; 3. Encourages all States to give due consideration to the compilation of practical recommendations for the proper management of assemblies based on best practices and lessons learned,1 which provides a useful tool for States on how to fulfil their obligations and commitments, including on how to operationalize them in their domestic laws, procedures and practices, and to promote and protect human rights in the context of assemblies, including peaceful protests; 4. Calls upon States to facilitate peaceful protests by providing protestors, to the extent possible, with access to public space within sight and sound of their intended target 1 See A/HRC/31/66. 3