A/HRC/45/21 and peoples116 in national development policies, as well as the protection of civic space, 117 are ensured. Human rights impact assessments of policies can contribute to positive synergies between social outcomes and productive capacities. 118 The OHCHR methodological framework for human rights indicators offers a tool to assist Member States in ensuring people-centred development and that no one is left behind. 119 Adequate international support should include consideration of commitments related to ODA, transfer of technology, international trade, foreign direct investment, debt relief, South-South cooperation, intellectual property rights and the negative impact of sanctions, including unilateral coercive measures, on the enjoyment of human rights. 120 Environmental policies should be informed by the recognition of the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment.121 IV. Conclusions and recommendations 63. The new programme of action for the least developed countries will be key to building back better and more effectively following the COVID-19 pandemic. It should be multidimensional and ambitious in translating shared responsibilities and global solidarity to promote the sustainable development of the least developed countries through new, creative and deliberate ways for the common good and the realization of all human rights, including the right to development, for all people in the least developed countries. It should be strengthened by renewed multilateralism, global partnership and international cooperation, including South-South and triangular cooperation. 64. The new programme of action should build on the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries and adopt a human rights-based approach to sustainable development. It should draw on the Secretary-General’s The Highest Aspiration: A Call to Action for Human Rights, and his policy briefs responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and on the recommendations of United Nations human rights mechanisms, including treaty bodies, special procedure mandate holders, the universal periodic review and the Working Group on the Right to Development. The 2019 report of the Secretary-General and the High Commissioner on the right to development provides relevant recommendations on the means of implementation of the 2030 Agenda.122 The programme of action’s accountability and monitoring framework should use rightsbased indicators, drawing upon key indicators for monitoring the human rights implications of COVID-19.123 65. The new programme of action should promote expanding productive capacity for inclusive, equitable and sustainable development. It should address international and national resource mobilization challenges for transformative change for the least developed countries relating to access to new and traditional technologies, sustainable debt, urbanization, opportunities for young people, disaster risk reduction and smooth transition from least developed country status. 66. An inclusive, participatory process open to all stakeholders could favour an outcome that meets the challenges faced by the least developed countries and recently graduated countries. To this end, the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries’ preparatory committee should ensure broad, active, free and 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 16 General Assembly resolution 41/128, annex (art. 2 (3)). See also A/HRC/39/28 and A/HRC/42/38, paras. 14–51. www.un.org/sg/sites/www.un.org.sg/files/atoms/files/The_Highest_Asperation_A_Call_ To_Action_For_Human_Right_English.pdf, pp. 8–9. E.g., Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comments No. 24 and No. 25 and A/HRC/40/57. www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Indicators/Pages/documents.aspx. E.g., A/HRC/39/54. E.g., A/73/188 and www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25525. A/HRC/42/29. https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/UN-framework-for-the-immediate-socio-economicresponse-to-COVID-19.pdf, annex 1.