A/HRC/44/45/Add.1 and begging prevention in the education system. Schools are obliged to include parents, especially from Roma communities, in all workshops. Schools are also obliged to organize a workshop at least twice a semester dealing with parental skills, the benefits of education for women and the inclusion of Roma communities in the education system. 65. In addition, in order to establish better cooperation with Roma communities, associates are employed who work on the social inclusion of Roma boys and girls in the area of education. In 2018, there were funds for 18 associates, and 22 in 2019. The standard is one associate per 70 Roma pupils. The system is aimed at reducing the risk of drop out during the last two years of compulsory education. That is done in cooperation with international organizations and civil society, which have helped to improve the programme by including new indicators for the early identification of children at risk of drop out, and through the establishment of teaching mentors for Roma children in secondary schools. Mentors, who are also teachers in the school, can take on up to three students. Their role is to support students not only in school but also towards better integration at all levels. The programme has been evaluated by the Government, which assured the Special Rapporteur that it had already shown good results. It has not only contributed to reducing drop out, but has also increased school success and the rates of Roma students continuing onwards in non-compulsory education. In addition, it has brought positive results in fighting social stigma from the general population towards Roma communities. 66. The Government’s national action plan and strategy for social inclusion of members of Roma communities in Montenegro further foresees the collaboration of local authorities, teachers in primary and secondary schools, prosecutor’s offices, the judiciary, the Roma national council and Roma civil society to identify and prevent unlawful marriage and, if they do occur, to determine how to better implement and apply article 444 of the Criminal Code on trafficking in persons. 67. Other measures taken include the drafting and implementation of a protocol, in collaboration with Save the Children International, outlining mechanisms to deal with child begging. The protocol, which was signed by the Ministries of the Interior, Labour and Welfare, Health and Education and the Police Directorate was widely promoted and, at the moment of the visit, officials were working on establishing a coordination body for the implementation of the protocol. According to members of civil society interviewed, lack of coordination and cooperation of authorities was one of the key challenges affecting the State response in that domain. 68. Reports regarding cases of child trafficking in the region indicate that government responses across the Balkan region to child begging have not been sufficient, given that the competent institutions are not providing adequate interventions or services.5 Any other type of trafficking of children has been underreported, due to a lack of knowledge by the relevant authorities. In addition, given the differences between the domiciled and nondomiciled Roma populations, applying a single strategy proves ineffective. The current prevention strategy is designed for the domiciled Roma population, because enrolment in school among non-domiciled Roma children is difficult to ensure, despite the efforts of cooperation among the various authorities involved. 69. Training activities and awareness-raising on indicators of trafficking have also been developed and implemented by other institutions. During her visit, the Ministry of Health informed the Special Rapporteur of training activities on indicators of trafficking for health practitioners to improve the identification of victims. More activities are planned for 2020, which will include training of health-care professionals in various regions. Each year, two workshops per region will be organized for all levels of medical care assistance, including among the management of health care institutions. The Special Rapporteur welcomed that initiative and insisted that training of potential first responders on indicators of trafficking was crucial for identification. 5 14 Ibid., p. 44.