A/HRC/39/53 B. National and regional experiences and practices regarding the four elements of the mandate 38. On the basis of the foundational work of the previous mandate holder with regard to the four elements of the mandate, the Special Rapporteur intends to increase possibilities for the sharing of experiences and practices at the domestic or regional levels in relation to transitional justice measures, with a human rights-based approach. The sharing of experience in different initiatives, including regional approaches, will allow States in transition to have an overview of possible and already tested options, and therefore be better equipped to adapt those options to the particular situation at hand. 39. The Special Rapporteur will address this objective in his report on practical experiences in reparations, which he will submit to the Human Rights Council in 2019. C. Further development of the area of guarantees of non-recurrence 40. As outlined in the updated set of principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity (E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1), guarantees of non-recurrence are an integral part of reparation and redress for victims. 41. When the Human Rights Council established the mandate in its resolution 18/7, it its emphasized the adoption of guarantees of non-recurrence within, or of, the entities that had themselves committed gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law. It also made specific reference to institutional reform and the vetting of public employees and officials. 1. A proactive approach to non-recurrence 42. Since the adoption of the set of principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity, the transitional justice debate has gradually moved away from the concept of “guarantees of non-recurrence” as covering solely institutional reforms and vetting. In several reports submitted by the previous mandate holder to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly, he suggested that the concept of guarantees of non-recurrence should be viewed on three different levels: on that of official State institutions, of civil society, and of the spheres of culture and personal dispositions (see A/HRC/30/42, A/72/523 and A/HRC/37/65). 43. Building on the call made by the previous mandate holder for a broad preventive framework, the Special Rapporteur intends to move away from a “reactive” approach, is centred on institutions, towards a more “proactive” one that encompasses fields and areas that go well beyond the institutions that had committed the violations in the first place. 44. This is reflective of the fact that, in many contexts, the United Nations and regional and bilateral actors have come to realize that transitional justice and preventive initiatives centred on institutions, as important as they might be, have hardly ever reached the level of the broader society, let alone the grass-roots level. Such an institutions-heavy focus has the potential to exclude parts of society that are crucial to efforts to re-establish trust, including at the local community level. 45. It is in this connection that the Special Rapporteur intends to focus his attention on these broader fields that bear a preventive potential, in particular the field of formal and informal education. 2. Enhancing the focus on the field of cultural and individual dispositions: education, arts and culture 46. Education plays an important role in society by transmitting established knowledge and shared culture. In situations of transition from conflict or authoritarian regimes, education can contribute to social cohesion and peace by facilitating the transmission of memory about past events, engaging society — especially the younger generations — in a dialogue about those events, and promoting a culture of human rights and democracy. 7