A/HRC/41/41 87. Companies should take effective measures to ensure transparency of their policies and practices, including the application of their terms of service and of computation-based review processes, and respect due process guarantees. To this end, companies should publish regular information on their official websites regarding the legal basis of requests made by governments and other third parties and regarding the number or percentage of requests complied with, and about content or accounts restricted or removed under the company’s own policies and community guidelines. 88. Companies should introduce independent oversight mechanisms to monitor the outcome of content moderation decisions, and States should consider regulation that requires such independent oversight. 89. Companies should establish, in meaningful consultation with the communities affected, operational-level grievance mechanisms that are clearly available and accessible, and are effective in terms of process and remedial outcomes. 90. Companies should subscribe to and increase the quality of participation in and implementation of existing multi-stakeholder initiatives. Participating companies should strengthen their role in respecting the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in the framework of these initiatives. 91. Companies should collaborate with governments and civil society to develop technology that promotes and strengthens human rights. C. Recommendations to civil society 92. Civil society actors should continue to innovate and partner with governments, companies and academia to develop technology that facilitates the exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association. 93. Civil society actors should ensure that digital security and digital literacy are at the core of their organization’s activities. 94. Civil society actors should expand and improve data collection on – and documentation of digital threats to – the rights of association and assembly: in particular with respect to legal developments, network disruptions, surveillance, online harassment and disinformation campaigns. They should share knowledge, promote standards for data collection, and collaborate with other stakeholders in these efforts. 95. All civil society groups, not just digital rights organizations, should be supportive and engaged in the process of understanding digital threats to civic space and developing effective responses to threats. D. Recommendation to the Human Rights Committee 96. Consider this report during the elaboration of the general comment on article 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 20