A/HRC/10/47 page 13 C. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 32. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) continues to address HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support as a human rights concern. In collaboration with other United Nations agencies and programmes, OHCHR uses the updated 2006 International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights both as an advocacy tool and to provide guidance at country level on implementing a rights-based response to the epidemic. HIV-related issues are also mainstreamed in the work of the treaty monitoring bodies, the special procedures and the universal periodic review process, where emphasis has been placed on the human rights protection of people living with HIV, especially vulnerable populations. A number of joint activities have been undertaken together with UNAIDS, including the publication of a handbook on HIV and human rights for national human rights institutions which aims to provide guidance to these institutions on integrating HIV-related human rights issues into their work. Together with other United Nations partners, OHCHR has also been engaged in providing technical assistance and promoting the integration of human rights norms and standards into legislation on HIV. D. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 33. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has assumed a lead role in the area of HIV prevention for young people in educational institutions. UNESCO has adopted a four-pronged approach to supporting an enabling environment for women, children and other vulnerable populations which includes the right of all children to access education with particular attention to young girls, orphans and other children affected by HIV and AIDS; the right of teachers living with HIV to receive appropriate support and to keep working; the right to confidentiality, non-stigmatizing curricula, and support services in the education sector; and the right of young people to learn about HIV and AIDS and how they can protect themselves. 34. The fact that 40 per cent of all new infections in 2007 were amongst young people aged 15-24 and that only 50 per cent of young people have been educated about HIV prevention, is of particular concern to UNESCO. In many curricula on HIV and AIDS, reference to sex education is avoided or greater emphasis is placed on the negative consequences of sex, even though 75 per cent of all HIV infections occur through sexual transmission. UNESCO therefore initiated a programme on sex, relationships and HIV/STI education in 2008, which will result in the formulation of guidelines in this area. UNESCO was also instrumental in the elaboration of a ministerial declaration adopted in 2008 by Ministers of Education and Health from Latin America and the Caribbean on comprehensive sex education as part of the school curriculum in these regions. E. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 35. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs has stated that the Economic and Social Council has adopted two resolutions which deal with the HIV-related human rights of vulnerable populations. One resolution requires Governments to strengthen