A/HRC/10/47 page 15 for confidentiality and privacy; provision of HIV voluntary counselling and testing; freedom from mandatory HIV testing; access to durable solutions; HIV-protection-related needs of women and children; and access to HIV information and education. UNHCR has been working with resettlement countries to ensure that people living with HIV have access to resettlement procedures and are not denied access based on their HIV status. Currently, a number of countries require an HIV test before resettlement and issues regarding informed consent, confidentiality, disclosure of HIV status and pre- and post test counselling are of concern. In 2007, UNHCR produced an antiretroviral medication policy for refugees, which outlines human rights considerations to ensure equal access to treatment for populations of concern to UNHCR. The Executive Committee also adopted resolution 107 on children at risk and recommended that all efforts are made to ensure access to child-friendly health services and to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support including PMTCT and age-sensitive reproductive health and HIV information and education for adolescents. I. United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 39. The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues has, throughout its sessions, paid attention to HIV and its impact on indigenous peoples throughout the world. It has recommended on several occasions that data disaggregation and culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS programmes should be implemented or improved, and has urged Governments, the United Nations system and intergovernmental organizations to ensure the full and effective participation, and free, prior and informed consent, of indigenous peoples in all programmes related to HIV prevention and treatment of indigenous communities.11 III. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 40. Human Rights Watch provided information based on research conducted in Canada, India, Kenya, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, the United States of America, Zambia and Zimbabwe concerning human rights violations that are fuelling the HIV epidemic and presented key recommendations for addressing them. First, the report stressed that the expansion of HIV testing and counselling should be accompanied by safeguards against the risk of human rights violations which can arise from involuntary testing, breaches of confidentiality, and failure to provide linkages to other health services. Second, the report highlighted the fact that gender-based inequality puts women at risk of HIV, impedes women’s ability to access HIV information and testing, and is also a barrier to starting or continuing lifesaving antiretroviral therapy. A number of countries have failed to recognize and adequately address the ways in which such abuses hinder women’s HIV treatment. Third, a significant number of children do not have the access to HIV treatment that they need and are less likely than adults to receive antiretroviral therapy. Additional assistance, including paediatric counselling, additional resources for sufficient nutrition and transportation for caregivers is needed to reach children. Fourth, harm reduction services remain out of reach for the vast majority of drug users worldwide even though outside of sub-Saharan Africa, nearly one third of all new HIV infections can be traced to the sharing of contaminated syringes by people who inject drugs. Policing practices, including the fact that 11 See, for example, E/2006/43 and E/2003/43.