A/HRC/40/49 Rights Council and Member States to take all available measures to prevent those violations from occurring. The Special Representative especially expresses concern with regard to the dehumanization of civilian populations, including children, and urges all parties to conflict to combat dehumanization and turn obligations contained in historic conventions and declarations into a reality. She reiterates her call to Member States and parties to conflict to enable unimpeded access to education for children affected by armed conflict by better protecting schools, schoolchildren and teachers, implementing concrete measures to deter the military use of schools and ensuring the continuation of education. 64. The Special Representative urges Member States and regional and subregional organizations to protect children from abduction, including across borders, by putting in place measures that help to mitigate or reduce children’s vulnerability and to ensure accountability including through investigations, arrests and prosecution by national authorities. She also calls upon Member States and regional and subregional organizations to engage closely with the United Nations to ensure a coordinated response based on international law and on the best interests of the child with regard to cross-border repatriation and reintegration. 65. The Special Representative calls on Member States to prevent child recruitment and use by non-State armed groups, including those using violent extremist tactics, and hold the perpetrators accountable. She also calls anew upon all Member States to treat children allegedly associated with those groups primarily as victims entitled to the full protection of their rights. Regarding the children of or recruited as foreign fighters, she urges Member States to facilitate the return of those children holding their nationality, prioritize their rehabilitation and reintegration and address the especially detrimental impact of stigma on their reintegration. She further reminds Member States that if a child is accused of a crime during his or her association with armed groups, juvenile justice standards and standards of fair trial must be applied. The Special Representative calls upon the Human Rights Council, treaty bodies and the relevant special procedures mandate holders to focus closely on the impact of violent extremism on children, including the issue of children of or recruited as foreign fighters. 66. The Special Representative reminds Member States and regional and subregional organizations that the reintegration of children is crucial to ensuring sustainable peace and security and to break cycles of violence. The Special Representative calls upon them and on other reintegration actors to provide sustainable political, technical and financial support for such efforts and calls on all of them to join the Global Coalition for Reintegration. 67. The Special Representative encourages the Human Rights Council to maintain the practice of including recommendations on the protection of children affected by armed conflict when considering or adopting resolutions on country-specific situations or thematic issues, as well as in the universal periodic review process, with particular attention paid to the implementation of such recommendations. The Special Representative also encourages the Human Rights Council to continue to include child rights violations in its resolutions establishing or renewing the relevant mandates of special procedures. 68. The Special Representative welcomes the continued attention paid to the impact of armed conflict on children in State party reports to the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Human Rights Committee. In that regard, all relevant Member States are urged to include, as appropriate, specific references to information on grave violations against children, on gaps in their applicable legal and policy frameworks and on accountability initiatives in their submissions to those bodies. She encourages the relevant United Nations entities to use the recommendations of those bodies as advocacy tools with the Member States concerned. 69. The Special Representative urges Member States that have not done so to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and to enact national legislation and policies to 17