A/HRC/22/54 Justice Mission in several countries,40 for instance, continue to provide support in reporting, investigating and prosecuting cases where security forces do not currently have the necessary capacity. 59. Bribery and release on bail are two major risk factors that can lead to offenders escaping any form of prosecution, thereby putting more children at risk. Bribery can happen at every step and every level connected to the investigation and prosecution of offenders. 60. The wide spectrum of different sentences for CST crimes reflects the different approaches that States have taken in dealing with offenders, ranging from long-term imprisonment to risk management within the community through the provision of treatment, control and supervision. While it has been argued that long sentences are not enough to put people off, large numbers of offenders having served short sentences have also reoffended, often in nearby countries. 3. Protection and support of child victims 61. All child victims of CST experience serious emotional, psychological and physical consequences, including physical injury, pain and fear, and psychological distress resulting in guilt, low self-esteem, depression and, in some cases, suicide and put children at risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. 62. Access to a child-sensitive complaint, reporting and counselling mechanism is essential to promptly detect child victims. In many countries, hotlines have been established to allow for easier reporting of child sexual exploitation or abuse and trafficking. Some countries provide a specific space to combating sex tourism. The Danish Police’s webpage (www.politi.dk), for example, has a section dedicated to combating sex tourism, which contains relevant information on sex tourism and includes an electronic form for reporting possible sex tourism and a link to the Danish National Police’s sex tourism hotline which is a 24/7 hotline. They also launched the campaign “Stop Sex Tourism” in 2008 to raise awareness of sex tourism involving children and encourage the public to report such cases to the police. 63. Access to safety and medical and psychosocial support is of primary importance. Children need individualized support that takes into consideration their particular circumstances. Children have been known to run away from shelters back to brothels, as they had not believed the “rescue mission” to really be a rescue or were scared to testify against the perpetrator. Currently, as the Special Rapporteur has noted throughout her various country missions, victim support services are mostly provided by NGOs. Very few care and rehabilitation centres are run by States. 64. In some countries, where detention is still being regarded as an appropriate way of protecting child victims of sexual abuse, children under 18 involved in prostitution or pornography cases are considered delinquent and put in detention centres. In some countries where homosexuality is an offence, a sexually exploited boy under 18 may also be punished by law for homosexual relations (A/65/221, para. 57). Providing child victims of CST with legal support is therefore crucial. 65. Many challenges, however, exist in obtaining child victim and witness testimonies, including not only fear and the risk of running away, but also bribing of the child or his/her family by the perpetrator, emotional trauma, mental or other infirmity, or even the difficulty in identifying the victims due to lack or inaccuracy of birth certificates. Video testimonies 40 14 Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Philippines, India, Kenya, Peru, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Rwanda, Thailand, Uganda and Zambia.