A/HRC/30/28 rights the plan would cover, the aim should be to match priorities with recommendations arising from the universal periodic review, as well as from the treaty bodies and special procedures. An innovation of Thai plan was to abolish the death penalty. An important challenge would be how to match the need to protect civil and political rights with national security laws, including martial law, emergency decrees and criminal law provisions that affected the enjoyment of freedom of expression and assembly. 27. Regarding implementation, Mr. Muntarbhorn emphasized the importance of enforcement of the law by the court system, securing sufficient resources, as well as cooperation with civil society. As to where and when to act, the plan was to be implemented during a five-year period, including in regions of unrest, such as in the south of the country. Finally, he said that while it was important to recognize that resources were naturally linked to budgets, the effectiveness of the programme depended on good coordination, systematic monitoring and capacity development within the Ministry of Justice, based on the results of evaluations. 28. The moderator asked Mr. Nesi to explain how the Italian Interministerial Committee for Human Rights was able to meaningfully affect the national situation. He also asked him to reflect on how the Committee related to the various European Union entities in charge of policy-setting, such as in relation to asylum seeking, trafficking and border control. He further asked him to share his experiences of how all stakeholders could be successfully involved within large and complex European Union policy-setting mechanisms in order to strengthen regional and subregional cooperation. As a slightly provocative twist, the moderator asked whether one could say that there was an optimal balance to be struck between participation and effectiveness in national policy-making. 29. At the outset, Mr. Nesi said that, although Italy remained engaged in and committed to international norm-setting, issues concerning the integration of human rights in national policies had been at the centre of much debate in recent years. Among the various national bodies that had had a meaningful impact on human rights in national policies he highlighted the Italian Interministerial Committee for Human Rights, established in 1978 at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, as an institution meriting particular attention. 30. He said that in the previous 18 months, the Inter-ministerial Committee had strengthened its role in the implementation of human rights in Italy and the integration of human rights in national policies. In particular, it had become an essential focal point for any branch of the State administration for incorporating human rights in the national legal system. It could be seen as a form of clearinghouse for State policy and action in several fields linked to human rights. 31. Ten ministries were represented at the meetings of the Committee and participated in its work, together with other relevant public institutions, including local authorities. Recently, the Interministerial Committee had assumed a crucial role in coordinating Italy’s response to complex international crises, such as forced migration and human trafficking, while respecting fundamental human rights. 32. With input from other line ministries, he said that the Interministerial Committee prepared the periodic and ad hoc reports that Italy presented to the human rights monitoring bodies of international organizations (United Nations and Council of Europe), and monitored follow-up to those reports. It was also responsible for the systematic examination of the legislative, administrative and regulatory measures adopted by national authorities as follow-up to international commitments under international human rights instruments to which Italy is a party. The Interministerial Committee was also in charge of outreach towards civil society and the promotion of debates on human rights. Through its database it 7