A/HRC/44/32 Policy objective 16: Developers and operators of non-State-based grievance mechanisms cooperate proactively and constructively with each other, and with relevant partners and institutions, to enhance outreach and to promote coherent and effective systems of accountability and access to remedy for business-related human rights harms, including in a cross-border context. 16.1 Developers and operators of non-State-based grievance mechanisms proactively seek out opportunities to work collaboratively with other mechanisms, business enterprises and entities, including through relevant industry, multi-stakeholder and other collaborative initiatives: (a) To enhance outreach and awareness-raising among relevant rights holders about the existence, objectives and processes of the mechanisms for which they are responsible, by developing effective working relationships with trusted partners, including, where relevant, trade unions; (b) To pool resources to improve the quality, accessibility and delivery to rights holders of relevant support and services, such as training, financial support, advice, and counselling services; (c) To improve the effectiveness of grievance mechanisms with which they are associated that are operated by business enterprises or by industry, multi-stakeholder and other collaborative initiatives; (d) To respond to rights holders’ expressed preferences for more streamlined and coordinated functions and services; (e) For the purposes of collaborating in the resolution of grievances in specific cases, such as through information-sharing, joint investigations, joint problem-solving or joint monitoring exercises; (f) To access specialist expertise needed to resolve a grievance; (g) To provide relevant rights holders with the information and navigational tools needed to be able to readily identify and assess the possible pathways to an effective remedy in cases where more than one non-State-based grievance mechanism may be relevant. 19