A/HRC/19/75 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 18 3 II. Identification of vulnerable groups working in rural areas that are subject to discrimination...................................................................................................... 9–23 4 III. IV. V. VI. A. Overview of the situation of peasants and other people working in rural areas ................................................................................................................ 9–10 4 B. Smallholder farmers ........................................................................................ 11–14 4 C. Landless people working as tenant farmers or agricultural labourers ............. 15–17 5 D. People living from traditional fishing, hunting and herding activities ............ 18–21 6 E. Peasant women ............................................................................................... 22–23 7 Causes of discrimination and vulnerability of peasants and other people working in rural areas .............................................................................................. 24–42 8 A. Expropriation of land, forced evictions and displacement .............................. 25–28 8 B. Gender discrimination .................................................................................... 29–30 9 C. Absence of agrarian reform and rural development policies, including irrigation and seeds ......................................................................................... 31–37 10 D. Lack of a minimum wage and social protection ............................................. 38–40 11 E. Repression and criminalization of movements protecting the rights of people working in rural areas ..................................................................... 41–42 12 Protection of the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas under international human rights law ............................................................. 43–62 13 A. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights .................. 44–55 13 B. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ..................................... 56–58 16 C. Rights of women living in rural areas ............................................................. 59–60 16 D. Rights of indigenous people ........................................................................... 61–62 17 Ways and means to advance the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas ............................................................................................................ 63–72 17 A. Implementation of existing international norms ............................................ 64–66 18 B. Addressing normative gaps under international human rights law ................ 67–68 18 C. New legal instrument on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas ................................................................................................... 69–72 19 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 73–74 20 Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas ................................ 22 Annex 2