A/HRC/38/21
discriminatory processes, and should benefit those most in need, including persons on the
move.
51.
Read collectively, the Charter of the United Nations, the International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, the Declaration on the Right to Development, and other instruments,
including those related to international labour standards, reinforce that States have human
rights obligations to cooperate and mobilize the necessary means of implementation to
ensure the safety and dignity of all persons, including those crossing borders in response to
the adverse effects of climate change. These efforts should respect basic principles of
climate justice, including the commitments of parties to protect the rights of persons
disproportionately affected by climate change and future generations.
52.
Importantly, ensuring the means of implementation for climate change mitigation
and adaptation to close protection gaps requires more than simply mobilizing financial
resources. Technology, for example, is a critical means of implementation. Under the
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, everyone has the right to
enjoy the benefits of science and its applications. Effective climate change mitigation and
adaptation technologies should be developed and equitably distributed under the technology
facilitation mechanism of the Paris Agreement, which specifically calls for support to be
provided to developing countries.
53.
In addition to calling upon developed countries to mobilize $100 billion per year in
climate finance to address the needs of developing countries, the Addis Ababa Action
Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development also speaks of
transparent methodologies for reporting climate finance; technology transfer to address
climate change; capacity-building, including to improve access to climate finance; policy
coherence throughout the different aspects of sustainable development; and improved data
collection to inform evidence-based policies. The Action Agenda specifically calls for
funding to address climate change and disaster resilience, an even split between adaptation
and mitigation funding, and directing climate finance towards vulnerable countries in
accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibility. It further
emphasizes the importance of providing safe and fair channels for remittances, and calls for
international cooperation to ensure safe, orderly and regular migration with full respect for
human rights.
54.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda,
the Sendai Framework and the Paris Agreement are all interlinked and represent a
considerable international commitment, with human rights at the core, to mobilize diverse
means of implementation for climate change mitigation and adaptation; the promotion of
safe, orderly and regular migration; disaster risk reduction; and sustainable development
that leaves no one behind.
55.
Because the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Declaration on
the Right to Development and other human rights instruments guarantee all persons the
right to free, active, meaningful and informed participation in public affairs, it is important
that the means of implementation for climate change mitigation and adaptation measures
are the result of informed and participatory decision-making processes. People are the
agents of change who must be empowered to achieve effective climate action, including,
when necessary, by taking decisions freely to move in conditions of safety and dignity.
That empowerment requires transparent and inclusive institutions and processes, as well as
accurate and accessible measurements of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and its
human rights impacts. Sufficient regular pathways for cross-border movement are a
prerequisite. Participation in decision-making, as well as the monitoring, review and
verification of climate change impacts and commitments, are critical in order to close
protection gaps by ensuring the effective mobilization of means of implementation for
climate change mitigation and adaptation. Integrating human rights, including the rights of
migrants, in the guidelines for implementation of the Paris Agreement (currently under
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