A/HRC/4/110 page 18 was made with regard to the participation of people living with, or affected by, HIV/AIDS in the construction, implementation and monitoring of initiatives, which is an important factor for the success of these initiatives. A number of contributions highlighted the provision of HIV-testing services as being central to ensuring that people with HIV learn their status and receive treatment. They concluded that, while testing is to be encouraged, it should be carried out in accordance with human rights guarantees of genuine informed consent (including voluntariness) and confidentiality. Finally, the contributions reaffirmed the point made in resolution 2005/84 that, even after decades of awareness-raising initiatives aimed at changing attitudes, HIV-related stigma and discrimination remains one of the greatest obstacles to an effective response to the disease. -----