A/HRC/44/50/Add.3 at the root causes of the different crisis and strengthen the dialogue among the different political, social and economic actors throughout the country …” 45. However, the Government of Zimbabwe is worried that after making such observations, the Special Rapporteur ignored the major cause of economic fragility, namely, the sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe by some Western countries prescribing restrictive measures against Zimbabwe. The impact of sanctions on the economy has been acknowledged by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union and other countries and organisations, as well as the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Professor Hilal Elver, when she visited Zimbabwe on a similar mission in November 2019. 46. The recently enacted Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Amendment Act (ZIDERA) of 2018 demonstrates the resolve of the US government to sustain its embargo against Zimbabwe, which the Government of Zimbabwe finds worrisome and unfortunate. Zimbabwe notes with concern the strengthened sanctions regime under ZIDERA, which is an extra territorial law enacted against the UN framework for the imposition of sanctions on member States. 47. The Government of Zimbabwe acknowledges the Special Rapporteur’s advice that the root causes of the crisis should be addressed and dialogue should be strengthened. The Government of Zimbabwe calls for the unconditional lifting of all manner of sanctions which will assist the country and sustain peace and development going forward. Conscious of this view point, the government is currently seized with re-engagement efforts with all nations open to dialogue with Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe adopted a robust engagement and reengagement policy anchored on transactional economic diplomacy, through which it seeks mutually beneficial relations with all nations. Government and the European Union launched a formal political dialogue process in accordance with Article 8 of the Cotonou Agreement (2000). The formal political dialogue seeks to create greater understanding between Zimbabwe and the EU. The dialogue is conducted in a frank, constructive and cordial atmosphere and paved way for enhanced cooperation between Zimbabwe and the EU. The thrust of the dialogue is investment, trade and economic development; climate change and humanitarian assistance; human rights, democracy, good governance and the rule of law; development cooperation; and regional and international cooperation. 48. Furthermore, the government launched a national Political Actors Dialogue (POLAD) consisting of 21 leaders of different political parties in 2019. The leaders signed a Code of Conduct that governs their participation in the dialogue. The platform is designed to proffer solutions to the challenges that confront the nation, through peaceful, open and transparent discourse. Since its inception, POLAD developed an institutional framework for dialogue, formed four thematic committees and conducted several meetings. A road map and plan of action to guide the implementation of resolutions has been adopted and is being implemented during POLAD meetings and its activities. 49. While the Government of Zimbabwe is deepening its commitment towards dialogue, engagement and politics of rapprochement by honestly engaging its stakeholders at both domestic and international levels, other stakeholders at home have chosen to shun dialogue with the view to pursue divisive politics and call for sanctions, which the Special Rapporteur ignored to include in his report. 3. Protests in relation to the exploitation of natural resources 50. The Special Rapporteur reported that the Marange mines are protected under the Protected Places and Areas Act (PPAA) and is militarised, implying that the area should have been left unprotected and porous to anyone who is desirous to enter the area. In 2016, Government established the Zimbabwe Consolidated Diamond Company (ZCDC) to regularise diamond mining in Marange. ZCDC has continued to invest in the security of the diamond resource to curb illegal mining and illicit trade in diamonds. This is also in line with the expectations of the Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (KPCS). The ZCDC continues to invest in technology to deal with security threats to the diamond mining business. 11