A/HRC/45/CRP.7 Contents Page I. Introduction and mandate ..................................................................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 7 A. Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 7 B. Corroboration and standard of proof .......................................................................................... 7 C. Sources of information and constraints ...................................................................................... 8 D. Cooperation with the Group of Eminent Experts ....................................................................... 9 III. Legal framework..................................................................................................................................10 A. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................10 B. Applicable law ...........................................................................................................................10 IV. Military, political and humanitarian context (July 2019 – June 2020) ................................................14 V. Findings on violations of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law.....20 A. Attacks affecting civilians or civilian objects ...........................................................................20 B. Arbitrary deprivation of life/murder of civilians .......................................................................31 C. Violations related to the humanitarian situation ........................................................................34 D. Arbitrary detention, torture and other forms of ill-treatment, and enforced disappearances.....42 E. Gender and gender-based violence ............................................................................................50 F. Child recruitment and use and related violations ......................................................................62 G. Treatment of specific groups .....................................................................................................75 H. Violations related to the administration of justice .....................................................................83 VI. Accountability .....................................................................................................................................90 A. Criminal Justice Accountability ................................................................................................90 B. Non-Criminal Justice Accountability ......................................................................................102 C. Third States – Arms Transfers and Other Support to Parties to the Conflict ..........................105 VII. Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................................107 4 A. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................107 B. Recommendations .............................................................................................................................108 Annex I .................................................................................................................................................112 Annex II ...............................................................................................................................................1511