A/HRC/30/49 of local government performance. Civil society organizations may also work directly with local government to strengthen its human rights expertise and awareness. 72. Local public officials should keep up ongoing dialogue with citizens and with civil society. There have to be well-developed channels for this communication and collaboration. 73. Measures should be taken, both nationally and internationally, to strengthen civil society capacity to monitor and engage with local government. Outside large urban municipalities, civil society is often weak and has little experience of monitoring or cooperating with local government.32 International city networks such as the United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) can play a key role in developing toolkits, foster research, provide opportunities for peer-to-peer learning and create communities for action. 74. Central government is responsible for providing valuable information on human rights and their impact at the local level to local governments. This obligation to inform the respective bodies at the local level includes both human rights of the national constitution or other law and human rights guaranteed by international law. Developments in improving human rights on the international level (e.g. new treaties and conventions, recommendations, guidelines and examples of best practice) must be brought to the local level. In doing so, it is of utmost importance that there is more than mere information in abstracto. There is a need for making human rights more concrete and more practicable for the specific needs on the local level. Particularly when it comes to international guarantees of human rights, the central government has to translate the relevant issues of human rights protection into concrete measures to be taken or standards to be obeyed. 75. In making human rights more practicable and more effective on the local level, specific areas that are highly connected to the effective implementation of human rights at the local level should be identified. For example, if public services are provided at the local level, this can be identified as a field where non-discriminatory access must be guaranteed. In order to support the local government in the observance of human rights, “road maps” for human rights implementation for these specific areas should be developed. They could be a valuable tool to facilitate the implementation of human rights at the local level (by non-experts in human rights). 76. In its report to the Human Rights Council, the Advisory Committee emphasized the negative impact of corruption on the enjoyment of human rights (A/HRC/28/73). It recommended building up an integrated strategy for the promotion of human rights and for the fight against corruption. This outcome of the report is also relevant for the promotion of human rights at the local level. Specific attention should be paid to any area at the local level being prone to corruption, especially the provision of public services. On the one side, taking measures against corruption should be regarded as a human rights issue. On the other side, promoting human rights cannot be successful and effective without taking measures against corruption. Specific consideration should therefore be given to any preventive measures in this regard. 77. In the context of monitoring of the domestic implementation of international human rights commitments, the relevant United Nations mechanisms should encourage States to engage in a dialogue with local governments as well. Local authorities should be involved in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in respect of 32 18 Local Government and Human Rights: Doing Good Service, p. 76.