A/HRC/42/59/Add.2 B. Disparities in access to education, health, housing and employment 40. The Working Group noted that structural discrimination was impeding AfroArgentines in the realization of their economic, social and cultural rights. It learned of a multitude of human rights concerns, including violations of the right to an adequate standard of living; to housing and water; to land tenure; to health care; to education; and to security and justice. The infrastructure, including access to roads and adequate transportation, remains an issue in many areas, both urban and rural. 41. The Working Group was informed that the largest number of people who claim to have suffered and/or witnessed discrimination were in the education sector, according to the information in the national map of discrimination prepared by the National Institute against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism in 2013. Those who had suffered from racist practices perceived that in large part (76 per cent) such practices took place in schools. The Working Group notes the ongoing efforts by the Government to include in school curricula the history of the trade in enslaved Africans and the history and contribution of people of African descent in Argentina. Through the programme “Educating in interculturality”, training is provided to national, provincial and municipal public officials and security forces on the promotion of the rights of people of African descent, of intercultural dialogue and of their identity as Afro-Argentines, in order to raise awareness of the need for respect, inclusion and the fight against discrimination, racism and xenophobia. It also welcomes the virtual course entitled “Argentina, afro roots: visibility, recognition and rights of the Afrodescendent population” organized by the Secretariat for Human Rights and Cultural Pluralism. Nevertheless, the Working Group remains concerned that access to education is limited owing to poverty and discrimination. The National Education Law does not include in the list of educational priorities content regarding the contribution of people of African descent to national history, which has been one of their demands. The Working Group was informed that many children of African descent drop out of school early on. 42. People of African descent are often discriminated against in access to employment. The harmful effects of structural and institutional racism in the world of work have a negative impact on the Afrodescendent community, in both the public and private sectors, significantly reducing their representation in the employment sector. To a large extent, people of African descent have been confined to the informal job sector, making them vulnerable to exploitation. Employment opportunities, especially in the rural areas, are very scarce. Migrants of African descent face further obstacles owing to difficulties in obtaining residence permits. A study has also indicated that not having a white skin exposes people, regardless of their educational level, sex and age, to unfavourable conditions in the labour market.16 Given that many workers of African descent are working in the informal sector, the same racial hierarchy that guides the distribution of jobs means that many of them do not have the right to formal union representation. Many women of African descent work in different types of domestic service without access to the benefits of registered employment and representation. One exception is the Central Workers of the Popular Economy, a social organization that has incorporated informal workers, many of them street vendors of Senegalese origin. 43. An exploratory study by the International Organization on Migration on the socioeducational and socio-labour trajectories of migrants investigated the particular situation of the extraregional migrant population, specifically of those born in Haiti, Senegal and Ukraine. The study focused on the training and work experiences of those groups, in order to identify the barriers to and facilitators for inclusion in the educational and labour fields in Buenos Aires. The study allowed for the detection of two main means of inclusion that were expanded and displayed as strategies by extraregional migrants. One of them sought inclusion through educational insertion; the other by means of access to work. In addition, the study considered the challenge faced by State agencies in reference to the problem of how to eliminate segregation, exclusion and differentiation in access to education and work. 16 12 See Pablo De Grande and Agustín Salvia, “Mercado de trabajo y condicionamiento por color de piel en grandes centros urbanos de la Argentina”, Revista de Estudios Regionales y Mercado de Trabajo, vol. 8 (2013).