A/HRC/45/CRP.3 insecurity. As described by one man, “Civilians have no choice but to try to go to the refugee camps for food.228 4. Lokomai payam, Pibor County (November 2018) 113. The Commission notes that Government forces have not been the sole party responsible for violating the rights of vulnerable civilians to access humanitarian aid (see paras. 128-131, below). On 25 November 2018, for example, a United Nations agency organised a delegation to Lokomai payam in Pibor County to distribute food. After successfully delivering the food, members of the Murle community from Lekuongole payam attacked the convoy, killing 27 people including local staff contracted by the agency.229 They also looted food items from the convoy, including sorghum, flour, oil, and beans.230 114. The Commission received credible information that David Yau Yau, former Governor of the “Greater Pibor Administrative Area” and himself a member of the Murle community, supplied Murle civilians in Jonglei State with weapons including AK-47s (“Kalashnikovs”), PK machine guns (PKMs), rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), and ammunition.231 After the 25 November 2018 incident, humanitarian actors have been reticent to service Lokomai.232 5. Pibor County (2019-2020) “There is almost no food in Pibor”. —Woman, aged 35 years, from Pibor town (23 January 2020)233 115. Pibor County lies to the southeast of Akobo County near the border with Ethiopia and is situated some 340 kilometres from Juba. It is amongst the most underdeveloped areas of South Sudan. Owing to the unlawful humanitarian access restrictions by Government forces beginning in 2014, an international non-governmental organisation234 deployed staff to Pibor beginning in 2015, to cover Pibor centre, Pibor North (Manuandekel), Pibor South (Kulugur and Tangajon), and Verteth, Gumuruk, and Lekuongole payams.235 While the organisation does not have physicians on the ground, its staff have the capacity to intervene in matters regarding malnutrition.236 Also since 2015, nutrition programmes funded by one United Nations agency have provided assistance to children and lactating mothers who exhibited symptoms of severe acute malnutrition. 116. The population of Pibor South comprises approximatively 5,000 households, while Pibor HQ County is made up of some 600 households.237 As acute food insecurity deepened between 2014 and 2018, residents in Pibor South began receiving food and supplies from international humanitarian aid organisations in 2018, though the provisions have been insufficient to meet their needs, including between January and March 2019, for example.238 Residents in Pibor South did not receive any aid deliveries between May and July 2019.239 ERN 103407 – 103412, para. 14. ERN 103399 – 103406, para. 15; ERN 103413 – 103419, para. 7. 230 ERN 103234 – 103239, para. 12. 231 ERN 103445 – 103448, para. 14; ERN 103413 – 103419, para. 8. 232 ERN 103413 – 103419, para. 8. 233 ERN 103610 – 103613, para. 8. 234 Potentially identifying information has been withheld subject to the principle of “do no harm”. 235 ERN 103643 – 103647, para. 5. 236 ERN 103643 – 103647, para. 6. 237 ERN 103626 – 103629, para. 3. 238 ERN 103626 – 103629, para. 3. 239 ERN 103626 – 103629, para. 4. 228 229 29