A/HRC/39/55 (b) Ensure immediate access to the minimum essential level of water and sanitation on a non-discriminatory basis during situations of emergency, including by: (i) Ensuring equal access to the minimum essential amount of water that is sufficient and safe for personal and domestic uses and to prevent disease; (ii) Providing the elements that every person needs for health and survival, and to live in dignity; (iii) Adopting and implementing a water and sanitation strategy and plan of action that addresses the entire population, including refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and internally displaced persons; (iv) Monitoring the extent of the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation; (v) Taking measures to prevent, treat and control diseases linked to water and sanitation; (c) Apply the human rights principles of progressive realization, using the maximum available resources, and of sustainability; (d) Develop planning for progressive realization, including efforts aimed at strengthening the operational resilience of water and sanitation services in an inclusive and sustainable manner from the outset of the emergency phase, with an assumption that the situation could continue; (e) Set up mechanisms for the participation of forcibly displaced persons and other affected populations, from the preparatory processes through to the phases during emergencies, and throughout different stages; (f) Address the needs of the most at risk when designing water and sanitation interventions, through participatory processes. 70. The Special Rapporteur recommends that States and humanitarian and development actors: (a) Apply the human rights framework as a humanitarian-development nexus, in particular the principles of sustainability, participation, equality and nondiscrimination and progressive realization; (b) Continue to strengthen efforts for an inclusive approach to address access to water and sanitation by forcibly displaced persons, by: (i) Including asylum seekers, refugees, migrants and internally displaced persons in national and local development plans, by and monitoring the realization of their human rights to water and sanitation; (ii) More effectively supporting local water and sanitation service providers in order to improve services and to ensure their operational continuity in an inclusive manner, including by ensuring access by forcibly displaced persons and other affected populations; (c) Apply an inclusive approach when preparing a safe environment, with access to basic services for the voluntary repatriation, integration and settlement of refugees and internally displaced persons, taking into account their aspirations and with a view to progressively improving services; (d) Strengthen the human rights to water and sanitation as a means to build the resilience of both people and services, and to reduce and mitigate the risks of displacement by ensuring in particular participation and the right to information, remedy and accountability; (e) Clearly identify roles, responsibilities and performance standards of actors, and set up accountability mechanisms. 71. The Special Rapporteur recommends that funders and humanitarian and development actors: 19