A/HRC/45/CRP.11 Allup, Luis Florido, Marianela Magallanes, José Simon Calzadilla, Americao de Grazia, Richard Blanco,650 Freddy Superlano, Sergio Vergara, Juan Andrés Mejía, Rafael Guzmán, 651 Carlos Paparoni Ramírez, Miguel Pizarro Rodríguez, Franco Casella Lovaton, Winston Flores Gómez652 in May 2019; José Guerra, Tomás Guanipa,653 Juan Pablo García654 in August 2019; Juan Pablo Guanipa Villalobos655 in October 2019; and Hernán Claret Alemán, Jorge Millán, Luis Stefanelli, Carlos A. Lozano Parra656 in December 2019. 255. In 28 of these decisions, the Supreme Court accused parliamentarians of being in a “permanent state” of committing crimes in flagrante delicto of treason of the homeland, conspiracy, instigation of insurrection, civil rebellion, contempt of court and hate crimes, among others. Six of the National Assembly members whose parliamentary immunity was lifted were then arrested and detained, with all but one held for over two years. 657 Cases inviestigated in depth by the Mission include those of Gilber Caro 658 and Juan Requesens.659 256. People associated with National Assembly members and/or with the opposition parties were also detained and interrogated. During interrogations, these associates were asked questions about deputies, in particular about their involvement in alleged conspiracies or other crimes against the Government. Cases reviewed by the Mission that fall into this category are those of Fernando Albán (a close friend and advisor of deputy Julio Borges), who died while in custody, Roberto Marrero (an advisor to deputy Juan Guaidó) and Steyci Escalona (friend of parliamentarian Gilber Caro). 2. Targets of repression: Military Officials and Associates 257. Since 2017, there have been a series of arrests of current and former military officers allegedly involved in attempted coups to oust the Maduro Government. As alleged 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 (accused of committing in flagrancy crimes of treason of the homeland, conspiracy, instigation of insurrection, civil rebellion and hate crimes, request to NCA to lift parliamentary immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 19 of 7 May 2019, Statement by the Supreme Court, available at: http://www.tsj.gob.ve/-/sala-plena-del-tsj-decidio-comprometer-la-responsabilidad-dehenry-ramos-allup-luis-florido-marianela-magallanes-jose-simon-calzadilla-andres-delgado- (accused of crimes of treason of the homeland, request to NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 19 of 8 May 2019 (Accused for crimes of treason of homeland, requests NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 20 of 14 May 2019, Statement by the Supreme Court, available at: http://www.tsj.gob.ve/-/tsj-decidio-comprometer-la-responsabilidad-de-cuatrodiputados-en-la-comision-flagrante-de-delitos (Accused for crimes of treason of homeland, requests NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Chamber, Judgment No. 55 of 12 August 2019, available at: https://www.accesoalajusticia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/SP-N%C2%BA-55-12-08-2019.pdf (accused for crimes of treason of homeland, requests NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Chamber, Judgment No. 56 of 12 August 2019, available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/tplen/agosto/306956-56-12819-2019-2019-000052.HTML (accused for crimes of treason of homeland, requests NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 58 of 25 October 2019 (Accused of crimes in flagrancy of treason of the homeland, conspiracy, instigation of insurrection, civil rebellion, and hate crimes, and request the NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 65 of 16 December 2019, Statement by the Supreme Court, available at: http://www.tsj.gob.ve/-/tsj-decidio-comprometer-la-responsabilidad-de-cuatrodiputados-en-la-comision-flagrante-de-delit-1 (accused or commission in flagrancy of crimes of treason of the homeland, conspiracy, instigation of insurrection, civil rebellion, and hate crimes, and request the NCA to lift immunity). Gilber Alexander Caro Alfonso (alternate deputy), detained from January 2017 to June 2018, from April to June 2019, and again from 20 December 2019 to present (see case below); Edgar José Zambrano Ramírez, detained from 5 August 2019 to 18 September 2019; Renzo Prieto, detained from 10 May 2014 to 20 May 2018 and again from 10 March 2020 to present. Two other deputies, Ángel Torres and Zandra Castillo, were arrested with him and then released the same day; Rosmit Mantilla, detained from 2 May 2014 to 18 November 2016; Gilberto Sojo, detained from 26 November 2014 to 13 December 2016; and Juan Requesens, detained 7 August 2018 to 28 August 2020. On 31 August 2020, Gilber Caro was pardoned by President Maduro and released from detention. On 28 August 2020, Juan Requesens was released from SEBIN Helicoide and placed under house arrest after spending over two years in detention. 69