A/HRC/41/46/Add.1 absolutely necessary, but also a shift in the approach to such projects. For example, projects should integrate a long-term perspective for the social inclusion of victims and survivors by investing in education and job creation, which could offer a real and meaningful alternative to trafficking. G. Cooperation and partnership 74. During the visit, members of the Government emphasized on several occasions that strengthening international cooperation, including by regulating the demand for sexual and labour exploitation in countries of transit and destination, was urgent. The Special Rapporteur agrees that political will and commitment domestically must go hand in hand with the strong commitment of international partners to cooperate in the fight against trafficking, including with regard to joint investigation and prosecution. 75. The Joint Border Task Force represents an effective example of international cooperation in the fight against trafficking in persons. The project, which is currently composed of a small anti-trafficking team of 19 officers, representing about 10 per cent of the total investigation cadre of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons, and 3 lawyers, has proved that building national capacity and establishing joint investigation teams for organized crimes can be more successful than bilateral or multilateral agreements when based on information-sharing among credible and welltrained interlocutors. The Special Rapporteur had the opportunity to visit the Joint Border Task Force in Lagos and to learn that the Government of the United Kingdom is currently facilitating the delivery of training on serious organized crime to seven specialized High Court judges in Lagos and one in Benin City, and is embedding a prosecutor from the Crown Prosecution Service in the Joint Border Task Force. The Special Rapporteur finds that encouraging prosecutors to work more closely with investigators from the start is crucial to bridging the gap between the investigation and prosecutorial phases, ensuring better coordination and, consequently, swifter prosecutions. 76. One tangible success of this cooperation was the recent case of Josephine Iyamu, whereby a British female trafficker was sentenced to 18 years in jail for trafficking five Nigerian women into Germany for sexual exploitation after subjecting them to juju rituals. She was the first trafficker prosecuted under the British Modern Slavery Act in relation to trafficking victims outside the United Kingdom. She was also convicted of perverting the course of justice. IV. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 77. The Special Rapporteur commends the Federal Government of Nigeria for its legal and institutional framework which, with the establishment of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons under the 2015 Trafficking in Persons Act, provides for a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in the country. At state level, she equally commends the enactment of the Edo State Trafficking in Persons Prohibition Law and the creation of the Edo State task force against human trafficking, whose progress she will be keen to follow. Nonetheless, Nigeria remains a source, transit and destination country for victims of trafficking, for the purpose of both sexual and labour exploitation, as well as other forms of exploitation, including organ removal. Internal trafficking is also present in the country. 78. Despite the progress made, the Special Rapporteur notes that key challenges remain in terms of implementation, which is proportionally linked to the capacity of State institutions, including law enforcement officials and the judiciary, to exercise their mandate. In that regard, a lack of resources, training and equipment for public officials committed to the fight against trafficking represents a considerable obstacle to robust implementation and enforcement. 15