A/HRC/6/15
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customs, traditions and land tenure systems of the indigenous peoples concerned (Declaration,
art. 26, para. 3). The participation and empowerment of the affected communities and the
strengthening of public legal and administrative mechanisms are essential components of these
experiences.
45. A pioneering initiative in this regard was the multilateral Indigenous Lands Project in
Brazil. From 1996 to 2006, the Indigenous Lands Project supported the National Indian
Foundation (FUNAI) in the demarcation, approval and registration of indigenous lands in the
Amazon basin. It also supported indigenous initiatives aimed at the preservation and sustainable
use of their territories. Designed as an open project, it was successful in securing 70 per cent of
indigenous lands, although to date only 50 per cent of the illegal occupants of those lands have
been relocated. In 2007, the German cooperation agency launched a project to monitor the
protection and conservation of the demarcated territories. Similar initiatives have been
implemented by the Danish cooperation agency, such as support for the registration of
community lands surrounding the two major areas of protection in Nicaragua, namely the
Bosawas and Indio Maíz reserves.
46. As of 2006, the process of granting title to indigenous land in Bolivia has been stepped up.
Under the Community Renewal Act No. 3545, title to 3.7 million hectares was granted in full
compliance with the human rights-based approach, with significant implications for the
development of indigenous native peoples. Likewise, the supreme decrees on consultation and
participation and on monitoring hydrocarbon-related activities in indigenous territories and rural
communities recognize the right of those peoples to be consulted and to participate, in
accordance with their customs and traditions, in decisions relating to their lands and territories
in conformity with the provisions of ILO Convention No. 169. In Bolivia, there are
over 80 initiatives relating to community tourism. Government policy aims at establishing links
between such tourism structures in indigenous areas and indigenous and native peoples so that
they themselves manage tourism.
47. Another important example of this type of initiative is the Orissa Tribal Development
Project (OTDP) in India, implemented between 1987 and 1998. Designed as a comprehensive
development project, one of its components was the registration and regularization of indigenous
lands in the State of Orissa, which included the formal recognition of agricultural and forest
lands traditionally used by indigenous peoples. This measure both facilitated the recognition of
the property rights of the communities involved and helped restore the ecological balance and
enhance the productivity of these lands.
48. Good practices were also achieved with regard to protected areas, where the aim of
environmental protection was linked to institutional reform processes and the empowerment of
indigenous peoples. Since 1998, the Ereto project, a bilateral cooperation initiative between the
United Republic of Tanzania and DANIDA has involved local pastoral communities in
conservation efforts in the Ngorongoro district. The cornerstone of this project has been the
association of respect for traditional grazing practices with conservation as mutually reinforcing
objectives, rather than incompatible elements, as is the case in policies pursued in other
countries. Such factors as the empowerment of local communities and the support for livestock
initiatives launched by the communities themselves were identified as key to the success of the
project.
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