A/HRC/36/58 the certification systems do not stand in a way to access to market. Applying the same standards to different situations can lead to discrimination. Language from a CFS recommendation on connecting small-holders to markets could be used in this regard: “promote rigorous protection of food safety through effective risk assessment leading to control systems that are appropriate for different scales, contexts and modes of production and marketing, while providing information and capacity building to meet these requirements”. Article 12 Assimilation and integration These terms are relatively new but these are also new phenomena. When large infrastructure projects are implemented, peasants are often forced to leave their livelihoods and are pressurized to start other activities. Fishers have been obliged to become infrastructure workers. The objective of the provision is to ensure that peasants are not instrumentalised for the purpose of profit. Specific support to peasants Providing specific support to peasants is necessary to remedy the situation of injustice. Prioritizing groups in a marginalized or disadvantaged group is expressed in CESCR’s general comment on non-discrimination and Guideline 13 of the 2012 FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure which is specifically focused on vulnerable groups. Article 13 Labour intensive production The current trend is towards mechanization. The provision is necessary in the context of large number of people without decent work. ILO employment policy recommendation 122 calls on States to “promote more labour-intensive techniques, in circumstances where these will make for more efficient utilisation of available resources.” It also refers to “more labour-intensive methods of cultivation, expansion of animal husbandry and the diversification of agricultural production”. Article 15 Food sovereignty The concept of food sovereignty has emerged from the peasants movement and is different from food security. Food sovereignty embraces a degree of independence: one can decide what to produce. It does not challenge State sovereignty or control. The definition of the right to food sovereignty refers to socially just mechanisms, ecologically sensitive means of production, and the right to healthy food. The principle of cultural appropriateness is important as it relates to the right to decide what they can eat and how they produce their own food. The principle of ecologically sensitive agriculture is integral to realizing the targets of the Paris Agreement. Right to culturally acceptable food Cultural acceptability of food has been recognized in the definition of the right to food since the adoption of the general comment on the right to food by CESCR. The FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the right to food, adopted by States, also refers to the right to culturally acceptable food. 79

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