A/HRC/45/47 slavery, resistance and abolitions; 49 the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent; and a limited-edition, leather-bound volume on history, memory and heritage. The publications are generally available in English, French and Spanish, and have been distributed widely through field offices and at OHCHR events. 58. OHCHR has also produced a CD-ROM compiling documentation related to the Decade, audiovisual materials and training materials, and is stepping up its social media presence about the Decade. K. Accountability and reparatory justice 59. In the human rights framework, justice and accountability are vital elements of reparation and alleviating harm. Moreover, reparatory justice has been part of the thinking and dialogue in the international community in respect of people of African descent at least since the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, which stresses that slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, are among the sources, causes, forms and contemporary manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance.50 60. Under the justice pillar of the programme of activities for the Decade, States should take further measures to ensure justice and honour the memory of the victims of these tragedies by, inter alia, acknowledging the untold suffering and evils inflicted on millions of men, women and children as a result of slavery, the slave trade, the transatlantic slave trade, colonialism, apartheid, genocide and other past tragedies. It is noteworthy that some States have taken the initiative to apologize and have paid reparation, where appropriate, for grave and massive violations committed. Truth-telling processes in addition to such steps are essential. States that have not yet taken comprehensive steps towards justice, reconciliation and healing are called upon to do so in order to find some way to contribute to the restoration of human dignity of victims. In that vein, all States concerned are called upon to take appropriate and effective measures to halt and reverse the lasting consequences of those practices, bearing in mind their moral obligations. The international community and its members are invited to honour the memory of the victims of the above-mentioned tragedies with a view to closing those dark chapters in history and as a means of reconciliation and healing.51 61. In the years since the adoption of the Decade, there has been a slowly growing general acceptance about the timeliness of considering issues of reparations and reparatory justice. In many countries, discussions and exchanges of views have taken place in communities of African descent and among the general public, and national and public discourses have emerged on the issue of reparations and people of African descent. 62. Additionally, regional organizations such as the African Union and the CARICOM Reparations Commission have been studying and making proposals about reparatory justice for slavery, the slave trade and the enslavement of people of African descent. On 26 March 2019, for the first time, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the fundamental rights of people of African descent in Europe, in which it stated that the terms “Afrophobia”, “Afri-phobia” and “anti-black racism” referred to a specific form of racism that correlated to historically repressive structures of colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade, as recognized by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights. Furthermore, enslavement, forced labour, racial apartheid, massacres and genocides in the context of European colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade remained largely unrecognized and unaccounted at an institutional level in the States members of the European Union.52 49 50 51 52 12 Ali Moussa Iye, Nelly Schmidt and Paul E. Lovejoy, eds., Slavery, Resistance and Abolitions: A Plural Perspective (2020). A/CONF.189/12 and Corr.1, chap. I, paras. 13–14 and 33–35. General Assembly resolution 69/16, annex, para. 17 (i)–(k). See www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-8-2019-0212_EN.html.