A/HRC/20/20 where financial budgetary resources and qualified professionals to provide legal training are few. Some good examples were given in the response submitted by Afghanistan, where the majority of the legal training offered is organized with the help of international nongovernmental organizations in cooperation with the Government. In Angola, the International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute organized training courses for judges, magistrates, prosecutors and lawyers in Luanda. The project was conducted over a period of two weeks (one week of training for each group) and was organized in conjunction with the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat for Human Rights of Angola. The training programme comprised a general introduction to international and regional human rights law for judges, magistrates, prosecutors and lawyers, with a focus on human rights in the administration of justice, including fair trial standards and standards related to detention. 59. It is also interesting to observe that, in some cases, national or high councils of the judiciary provide specific training for magistrates, judges and prosecutors. Given that, as a rule, national councils of the judiciary have a prerogative to monitor the activities (or exercise the control) of magistrates, judges and prosecutors, as well as conduct disciplinary proceedings against them, the Special Rapporteur believes that, in the event of judicial error, the first measure to be taken by a national councils should be to identify training shortfalls in these professionals and take the measures to address them. 60. Ongoing capacity-building is also available for judges (86.7 per cent) and prosecutors (84 per cent). Training programmes are usually offered on a non-regular basis for judges, in 58.8 per cent of States surveyed; and for prosecutors, in 65.9 per cent, with an annual average ranging from 20 to 60 hours of training. Seminars are the most frequent form of training (91.1 per cent). 61. The five themes most frequently included in initial and ongoing training for judges, magistrates, prosecutors, lawyers and public defenders are reflected in the tables below. 62. For judges, the “independence and impartiality of judges, prosecutors and lawyers”, “overall training programme”, “the right to a fair trial”, “judicial ethics” and “children’s rights and juvenile justice” are the five main themes most frequently included in initial training. With regard to ongoing learning, the main topics are “judicial ethics”, “overall training programme”, “overall human rights component (including fundamental rights recognized by the Constitution)”, “independence and impartiality of judges, prosecutors and lawyers” and “women’s rights and the administration of justice”. 16

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