A/HRC/40/51 into the life cycle of the Games. This translates into a strong commitment from the next Games hosts to implement human rights due diligence and include human rights in the bidding criteria.51 86. The Federation has also integrated child rights and safeguarding provisions into the host bidding criteria for both the 2021 Commonwealth Youth Games and 2022 Commonwealth Games: the host city contract includes specific clauses addressing child rights. The Federation additionally put safeguarding policies and processes in place at its last Youth Games in Samoa (2015) and the Bahamas (2017). Moreover, the national affiliate bodies agreed in 2018 to include commitments on the implementation of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and child safeguarding. 87. As indicated above, IOC included specific references to the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in its host city contract principles for the 2024 Games. Nonetheless, detailed provisions on the rights of the child in the IOC evaluation report of the bidding cities are lacking. FIFA has also included human rights and labour standards in its guide to the bidding process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup.52 In the subsequent bid evaluation report, FIFA established a rating system for the risks related to human and labour rights, thus determining that there was a medium risk in the cases of both Morocco and the United North American bid.53 88. The output of the ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations have also been used to review bidding processes. For example, an independent report on human rights in Canada, Mexico and the United States in the context of a potential FIFA 2026 World Cup competition refers extensively to the ILO recommendations in its analysis of the legal frameworks of the three countries. 54 F. Prevention and remedy 89. A fundamental prevention measure in the context of sports is to ensure that children, regardless of the exceptional nature of their trajectory, enjoy their rights. Furthermore, when they do fall victim to the abhorrent crimes of sale and sexual exploitation, they have the right to receive care, recovery and reintegration services (A/70/222). Independent complaints mechanisms are a fundamental first element of such services. 90. A comprehensive survey of the demographics of professional footballers revealed that the right to education is a major issue for children. Indeed, up to 9 per cent of professional footballers had completed only primary school and 1 per cent had not even been able to do that.55 In addition, as outlined previously, children may also have their access to education denied in the context of major sporting events and the construction of infrastructure. It is consequently an essential prevention measure to ensure that children remain enrolled in schooling despite a budding sports career. 91. It is also important to address parents directly as they can also become the perpetrators of abuse and different forms of violence against children, due to a misguided pressure to ensure that their children excel in sports. 56 92. While female sports have yet to be the focus of the same level of global interest and funding, it is also crucial to guarantee that appropriate safeguards are put in place to prevent the abuses outlined above, in particular regarding the sale of children, that have extensively affected male sports. 51 52 53 54 55 56 Mega-Sporting Events Platform for Human Rights, Host Actors and Human Rights Due Diligence in the Sports Context, Sporting Chance White Paper 2.1, version 1, January 2017. FIFA, Guide to the Bidding Process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup (n.d.). FIFA, Bid Evaluation Report: 2026 FIFA World Cup (Zurich, 2018). Independent Report: Human Rights in Canada, Mexico and the USA in the Context of a Potential FIFA 2026 World Cup Competition, 7 March 2018. FIFPro, 2016 FIFPro Global Employment Report. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Protecting Children from Violence in Sport: A Review With a Focus on Industrialized Countries (Florence, 2010). 13