A/HRC/40/52 extremism. Humanitarian action must be clearly exempt from measures criminalizing various forms of support for terrorism. States should consider broadening these exemptions to all civil society actors involved in supporting respect for international norms; (g) Judicial access and remedies must be available to all civil society actors affected by terrorism sanctions regimes; (h) All national and institutional actors involved in countering terrorism and preventing and countering violent extremism must be conscious of the indirect impact that overlapping, sustained and cumulative measures have on civil society, notably in creating a chilling effect that will affect all actors even without direct targeting. Particular care must be taken to avoid the stigmatization, marginalization, co-optation and exclusion of civil society, as well as securitization; (i) Oversight mechanisms at the national and international levels need to be developed and strengthened to remedy the global human rights violations resulting from the development of deeply flawed matrices adopted in the name of countering terrorism, violent extremism and threats to national security. 76. Civil society must find creative ways to raise awareness to the global crisis it faces resulting from global security frameworks. In particular: (a) It must deepen its engagement with the global counter-terrorism architecture, including United Nations agencies and bodies traditionally seen as dealing with security-related issues, as well as with new outsource entities, including the Financial Action Task Force and the Global Counterterrorism Forum; (b) It must innovate to find entry points at the national level for oversight and accountability purposes; (c) It should continue to report on, analyse and raise awareness of the impact of these measures in a systematic and open manner. 21